| 词条 | Ustyuzhna |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Ustyuzhna |ru_name=Устюжна |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|58|50|N|36|26|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=right |image_coa=Coat_of_arms_of_Ustyuzhna_and_Ustugnovsky_District_(Vologda_Region).png |coa_caption=Coat of arms of Ustyuzhna and Ustyuzhensky District |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Vologda Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=June 2012 |adm_district_jur=Ustyuzhensky District |adm_district_jur_ref=[1] |adm_selsoviet_jur=Ustyuzhna |adm_selsoviet_type=Town of district significance |adm_selsoviet_jur_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of1=Ustyuzhensky District |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[1] |adm_ctr_of2=town of district significance of Ustyuzhna |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[3] |adm_ctr_of3=Ustyuzhensky Selsoviet |adm_ctr_of3_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=July 2012 |mun_district_jur=Ustyuzhensky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[8] |urban_settlement_jur=Ustyuzhna Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of1=Ustyuzhensky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of2=Ustyuzhna Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[8] |mun_admctr_of3=Ustyuzhenskoye Rural Settlement |mun_admctr_of3_ref=[8] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=9501 |pop_2010census_ref= |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |pop_latest= |pop_latest_date= |pop_latest_ref= |established_date=1252 |established_title=First mentioned |established_date_ref=[14] |current_cat_date= |current_cat_date_ref= |prev_name1= |prev_name1_date= |prev_name1_ref= |postal_codes=162840 |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |commonscat=Ustyuzhna |date=November 2013 }} Ustyuzhna ({{lang-ru|У́стюжна}}) is a town and the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River, {{convert|260|km|sp=us}} west of Vologda, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=9,501|p2002=10,507|p1989=10,035}} HistoryConsidered to have been founded in the 11th century, it was first mentioned, as Zhelezny Ustyug ({{lang|ru|Железный Устюг}}), in 1252, and in the following centuries was called variously Ustyuzhna Zheleznopolskaya,[1] Ustizhna, Ustizhnya, Ustyuzhnya, and Yustyzhnya.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} In the 16th–18th centuries it was known mostly as Ustyuzhna-Zheleznaya or Ustyuzhna-Zheleznopolskaya, but since 1808 it had mostly been referred to by its modern name.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The origin of the name is unclear, though it may be related to that of Ustyug.[2] In 1252, Ustyuzhna was a part of the Principality of Uglich.[1] It was situated on the shortest route from Novgorod to the basin of the Northern Dvina River, which caused an interest of the Novgorod Republic.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} In the 14th century, Novgorod made several attempts to establish control over the town.[1] During the Time of Troubles, the Polish Army laid a siege on Ustyuzhna, but did not manage to conquer the town.[1] In the 16th and 17th centuries, the territory became one of the most important centers of metal production in Russia, second only to Tula.[1] Between 1702 and 1714, Izhinsky iron-making plant, built by the Admiralty, existed in Ustyuzhna, making it a major producer of arms.[1] In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, Ustyuzhna was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate) and named one of the towns constituting the governorate.[3] In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate was split off, which included Ustyuzhna as a part of its Belozersk Province.[4] In 1738, Ustyuzhna was chartered and became the seat of Ustyuzhensky Uyezd.[1] In 1776, the uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty.[1] In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished and Ustyuzhensky Uyezd was transferred to Novgorod Governorate.[1] In June 1918, five uyezds of Novgorod Governorate, including Ustyuzhensky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate, with the administrative center in Cherepovets.[5] On August 1, 1927, Cherepovets Governorate was abolished and its territory became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast.[5] At the same time, uyezds were abolished and Ustyuzhensky District was established, with the administrative center in Ustyuzhna.[5] On September 23, 1937, Ustyuzhensky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast and remained there ever since.[5] Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Ustyuzhna serves as the administrative center of Ustyuzhensky District and of Ustyuzhensky Selsoviet of that district, even though it is not a part of the latter.[6] As an administrative division, it is incorporated within Ustyuzhensky District as the town of district significance of Ustyuzhna.[7] As a municipal division, the town of district significance of Ustyuzhna is incorporated within Ustyuzhensky Municipal District as Ustyuzhna Urban Settlement and serves as the administrative center of the municipal district, urban settlement, and of Ustyuzhenskoye Rural Settlement, even though it is not a part of the latter.[8] EconomyIndustryThe main industrial enterprise in Ustyuzhna is a cheese production factory.[9] TransportationA114 Highway, connecting Vologda to Cherepovets and St. Petersburg, passes north of Ustyuzhna. There is a road connecting Ustyuzhna with the highway. Ustyuzhna is also connected by roads with Tver via Vesyegonsk, with Bezhetsk via Sandovo, and with Borovichi via Pestovo. There are also local roads. The closest railway station is located in Sandovo. Culture and recreationUstyuzhna contains thirty-nine objects classified as cultural and historical heritage by Russian federal law and additionally ninety-seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local importance.{{RKN_base}} Ustyuzhna is a historical town with the well-preserved center from the 19th century. The Ustyuzhensky District Museum is located in Ustyuzhna.[10] It is believed that the plot of The Government Inspector, a comedy by Russian playwright Nikolai Gogol, is based on the real story which took place in Ustyuzhna in the beginning of the 19th century.[11] ReferencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite book|last=Н. В. Солдатова|script-title=ru:Вологодская энциклопедия|url=http://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/sud/ako/vsk/aya/2.pdf|page=488–489|editor=Г. В. Судаков|accessdate=November 27, 2013|year=2006|publisher=ВГПУ, Русь|location=Вологда|language=Russian|isbn=5-87822-305-8}} 2. ^Е. М. Поспелов. "Географические названия мира", стр. 436 3. ^Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов {{ru icon}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Снытко|first1=О. В.|editor=С .Д. Трифонов |editor2=Т. Б. Чуйкова |editor3=Л. В. Федина |editor4=А. Э. Дубоносова|script-title=ru:Административно-территориальное деление Новгородской губернии и области 1727-1995 гг. Справочник|url=http://novarchiv.org/images/novarchiv/nsa/adm_delenie_novg_obl.pdf|page=16–22|accessdate=November 27, 2013|year=2009|language=Russian|location=Saint Petersburg|display-authors=etal}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://portal.rusarchives.ru/guide/voanpi/126sia.shtml|script-title=ru:Справка об изменениях административно-территориального устройства и сети партийных и комсомольских органов на территории Вологодской области (1917–1991)|publisher=Архивы России|language=Russian|accessdate=November 27, 2013}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 Resolution #178 7. ^1 2 Law #371-OZ 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 Law #1126-OD 9. ^{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=497}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M790|script-title=ru:Устюженский краеведческий музей|publisher=Российская сеть культурного наследия|language=Russian|accessdate=November 27, 2013}} 11. ^{{cite journal|last=Осипов|first=Г.|year=2009|script-title=ru:Ревизор на Мологе: Поможет ли Николай Васильевич возродиться Устюжне?|journal=Культура|volume=13|url=http://www.booksite.ru/pressa/285.htm|accessdate=November 27, 2013|language=Russian}} Sources
External links
2 : Cities and towns in Vologda Oblast|Novgorod Governorate |
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