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词条 Fort Yukon, Alaska
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

  3. Climate

  4. Demographics

  5. Education

  6. In popular culture

  7. Notable people

  8. References

  9. External links

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Fort Yukon, Alaska
|native_name = Gwichyaa Zheh
|official_name = City of Fort Yukon
|settlement_type = City
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = Fort Yukon village lies within the boundaries of the Yukon flats.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|pushpin_map = USA Alaska
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Alaska
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Alaska
|subdivision_type2 = Census Area
|subdivision_name2 = Yukon-Koyukuk
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Richard Carroll, Jr.
|leader_title1 = State senator
|leader_name1 = Click Bishop (R)
|leader_title2 = State rep.
|leader_name2 = Dave Talerico (R)
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = February 17, 1959[1]
|area_magnitude =
|area_footnotes = [2]
|area_total_km2 = 19.34
|area_land_km2 = 18.77
|area_water_km2 = 0.57
|area_total_sq_mi = 7.47
|area_land_sq_mi = 7.25
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.22
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 583
|timezone = Alaska (AKST)
|utc_offset = -9
|timezone_DST = AKDT
|utc_offset_DST = -8
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 130
|elevation_ft = 427
|coordinates = {{coord|66|34|3|N|145|15|23|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 99740
|area_code = 907
|area_code_type = Area code
|GNIS_id = 1402276
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 02-26760
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
|pop_est_as_of = 2016
|pop_est_footnotes = [3]
|population_est = 554
|population_density_sq_mi = 74.18
|unit_pref = Imperial
|population_density_km2 = 28.64
}}

Fort Yukon (Gwich'in: Gwich'yaa Zhee, translation: "House on the Flats")[3][4] is a city in the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area in the U.S. state of Alaska. The population, predominately Gwich'in Alaska Natives, was 583 at the 2010 census, down from 595 in 2000.

Fort Yukon is the hometown of Alaska Congressman Don Young. Served by Fort Yukon Airport, it is also known for having the record highest temperature in Alaska.[5]

History

This area north of the Arctic Circle was occupied for thousands of years by cultures of indigenous people and in historic times by the Gwich’in people.

What became the village of Fort Yukon developed from a trading post, Fort Yukon, established by Alexander Hunter Murray of the Hudson's Bay Company, on 25 June 1847. Murray drew numerous sketches of fur trade posts and of people and wrote the Journal of the Yukon, 1847–48, which gave valuable insight into the culture of the Gwich’in at the time. While the post was in Russian America, the Hudson's Bay Company continued to trade there until the American traders expelled it in 1869, following the Alaska Purchase when the Alaska Commercial Company took over the post.

During the Klondike Gold Rush, in the winter of 1897–1898, Fort Yukon received two hundred prospectors from Dawson City, which was short of supply.[6] A post office was established on July 12, 1898 with John Hawksly as its first postmaster. The settlement suffered over the following decades as a result of several infectious disease epidemics and a 1949 flood.

During the 1950s, the United States Air Force established a base and radar station at Fort Yukon; the town was officially incorporated in 1959. Since the late 20th century, due in part to its extreme northerly location and its proximity to Fairbanks, it has become a minor tourist destination.

On February 7, 1984 a Terrier Malemute-type sounding rocket, with a maximum altitude of {{convert|310|mi|km|}}, was launched from Fort Yukon.[7]

Geography

Fort Yukon is located at {{coord|66|34|2|N|145|15|23|W|type:city_region:US}} (66.567586, -145.256327).[8] Fort Yukon is located on the north bank of the Yukon River at its junction with the Porcupine River, about {{convert|145|mi|km}} northeast of Fairbanks.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city in Northeastern Alaska has a total area of {{convert|7.4|sqmi|km2}}, of which, {{convert|7.0|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|0.4|sqmi|km2}} of it (5.65%) is water.

It is located {{convert|8|mi|km}} north of the Arctic Circle, at the confluence of the Yukon and Porcupine Rivers and in the middle of the Yukon Flats.

Climate

The highest temperature ever recorded in Alaska occurred in Fort Yukon on June 27, 1915, when it reached {{convert|100|°F|°C|1|disp=or}}.[9][10] Until 1971, Fort Yukon also held the all-time lowest temperature record at {{convert|-78|°F|°C|1|disp=or}}, and it still holds the record for the lowest mean monthly temperature when the notoriously cold month of December 1917 had an average daily temperature of {{convert|−48.3|F|C|1|disp=or}} and the minimum averaged {{convert|−58|F|C|disp=or}}.[11] The climate regime is a strong continental subarctic climate with severe winters, being less influenced by chinook winds than areas to the west – the winter season absolute maximum being {{convert|17|F-change|C-change|1|disp=or}} colder than in Fairbanks. Summer temperatures are exceptionally high for such a northerly area, being far warmer than the tree line threshold. In the Summer Fort Yukon has midnight sun and in December there is no sun at all.

{{Weather box
|location=Fort Yukon, Alaska (1915-1990)
|single line = Y
|collapsed =
|Jan record high F= 40
|Feb record high F= 41
|Mar record high F= 50
|Apr record high F = 65
|May record high F = 85
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 97
|Aug record high F = 88
|Sep record high F = 79
|Oct record high F = 61
|Nov record high F = 51
|Dec record high F = 37
|year record high F = 100
|Jan avg record high F = 15.9
|Feb avg record high F = 18.7
|Mar avg record high F = 35.1
|Apr avg record high F = 53.2
|May avg record high F = 72.9
|Jun avg record high F = 82.5
|Jul avg record high F = 85.2
|Aug avg record high F = 79.8
|Sep avg record high F = 66.3
|Oct avg record high F = 45.3
|Nov avg record high F = 23.2
|Dec avg record high F = 16.6
|year avg record high F= 86.4
|Jan high F = −10.9
|Feb high F = −3.6
|Mar high F = 14.7
|Apr high F = 34.8
|May high F = 56.1
|Jun high F = 70.9
|Jul high F = 73.2
|Aug high F = 66.3
|Sep high F = 50.6
|Oct high F = 27.2
|Nov high F = 1.3
|Dec high F = −8.7
|year high F = 31.0
|Jan mean F = −19.3
|Feb mean F = −13.5
|Mar mean F = 1.6
|Apr mean F = 21.8
|May mean F = 44.1
|Jun mean F = 59.3
|Jul mean F = 62.1
|Aug mean F = 55.4
|Sep mean F = 41.3
|Oct mean F = 19.8
|Nov mean F = -6.4
|Dec mean F = -16.6
|year mean F = 20.9
|Jan low F = −27.8
|Feb low F = −23.4
|Mar low F = −11.5
|Apr low F = 9.0
|May low F = 32.1
|Jun low F = 47.9
|Jul low F = 51.2
|Aug low F = 44.7
|Sep low F = 32.1
|Oct low F = 12.4
|Nov low F = −14.2
|Dec low F = −24.6
|year low F = 10.7
|Jan avg record low F = -55.2
|Feb avg record low F = -51.6
|Mar avg record low F = -38.4
|Apr avg record low F = -18.6
|May avg record low F = 15.7
|Jun avg record low F = 34.4
|Jul avg record low F = 38.9
|Aug avg record low F = 30.0
|Sep avg record low F = 16.0
|Oct avg record low F = -11.1
|Nov avg record low F = -41.3
|Dec avg record low F = -52.4
|year avg record low F= -59.7
|Jan record low F = -78
|Feb record low F = -70
|Mar record low F = −62
|Apr record low F = -42
|May record low F = -3
|Jun record low F = 25
|Jul record low F = 25
|Aug record low F = 21
|Sep record low F = 0
|Oct record low F = −40
|Nov record low F = −61
|Dec record low F = −71
|year record low F = −78
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.49
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.36
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.28
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.21
|May precipitation inch = 0.31
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.73
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.81
|Aug precipitation inch = 1.06
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.79
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.59
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.42
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.52
|snow colour = green
| Jan snow inch = 6.7
| Feb snow inch = 5.1
| Mar snow inch = 4.1
| Apr snow inch = 2.4
| May snow inch = 1.2
| Jun snow inch = 0.6
| Jul snow inch = 0
| Aug snow inch = 0
| Sep snow inch = 1.7
| Oct snow inch = 6.8
| Nov snow inch = 6.5
| Dec snow inch = 6.7
| Jan humidity = 72
| Feb humidity = 73
| Mar humidity = 61
| Apr humidity = 57
| May humidity = 49
| Jun humidity = 54
| Jul humidity = 61
| Aug humidity = 71
| Sep humidity = 74
| Oct humidity = 78
| Nov humidity = 78
| Dec humidity = 74
| year humidity = 66.8
|source 1 = Fort Yukon, Alaska weather data [12]
|source 2 = Fort Yukon Airport (Humidity)[13]
}}

Demographics

{{US Census population
|1880= 109
|1900= 156
|1910= 321
|1920= 319
|1930= 304
|1940= 274
|1950= 446
|1960= 701
|1970= 448
|1980= 619
|1990= 580
|2000= 595
|2010= 583
|estyear=2016
|estimate=554
|estref=[14]
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[15]
}}

Fort Yukon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as an unincorporated village of 109 residents. Of those, 107 were members of the Tinneh Tribe and 2 were Whites.[16] It did not appear on the 1890 census, but has returned in every successive census since 1900. It formally incorporated in 1959, the year Alaska became a state.

As of the census[17] of 2000, there were 595 people, 225 households, and 137 families residing in the city. The population density was 85.0 people per square mile (32.8/km²). There were 317 housing units at an average density of 45.3 per square mile (17.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 86.05% Native American, 10.76% White, 0.17% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, and 0.17% from other races, and 2.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of the population.

There were 225 households out of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.8% were married couples living together, 23.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.1% were non-families. 34.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.62 and the average family size was 3.37.

In the city, the population was spread out with 33.4% under the age of 18, 10.3% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 111.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $29,375, and the median income for a family was $32,083. Males had a median income of $25,000 versus $27,813 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,360. About 18.0% of families and 18.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.3% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Education

Yukon Flats School District operates the Fort Yukon School, serving Fort Yukon.[18]

In popular culture

Notable people

{{expand list|date=November 2013}}
  • Clarence Alexander
  • Jonathon Solomon
  • Velma Wallis
  • Don Young
  • Hudson Stuck

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory|location=Juneau|publisher=Alaska Municipal League/Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs|date=January 1996|page=57}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2016 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_02.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jun 22, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903142359/https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2016_Gazetteer/2016_gaz_place_02.txt |archivedate=2017-09-03|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/map/names/|title=Alaska Native Place Names - Alaska Native Language Archive|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102131622/http://www.uaf.edu/anla/collections/map/names/|archivedate=2013-11-02|df=}}
4. ^{{cite book| last = D'Orso| first = Michael| title = Eagle Blue: A Team, a Tribe, and a High School Basketball Season in Arctic Alaska| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=WU5c5dd6sfoC&pg=PA93| year = 2007| publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing USA| isbn = 978-1-59691-115-4| page = 93 }}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Alaska State Almanac - General information about Alaska from NETSTATE.COM|url=http://www.netstate.com/states/alma/ak_alma.htm|accessdate=22 April 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160507203835/http://www.netstate.com/states/alma/ak_alma.htm|archivedate=7 May 2016|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hougengroup.com/yukonhistory/nuggets_year/2000s.aspx?nugget=1897#STARVATION|title=1897 - Yukon Nuggets - Yukon History|publisher=|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007192321/http://www.hougengroup.com/yukonhistory/nuggets_year/2000s.aspx?nugget=1897#STARVATION|archivedate=2011-10-07|df=}}
7. ^"Fort Yukon" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202183859/http://www.astronautix.com/sites/foryukon.htm |date=2008-12-02 }}. Encyclopedia Astronautica. astronautix.com. Retrieved 12 January 2012.
8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6665BhgnH?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|archivedate=2012-03-12|df=}}
9. ^{{cite web | title = NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards Information - Alaska Weather Interesting Facts and Records | publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | format = PDF | url = http://www.arh.noaa.gov/docs/AKWXfacts.pdf | accessdate = 2007-01-03 | deadurl = yes | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060929022606/http://www.arh.noaa.gov/docs/AKWXfacts.pdf | archivedate = 2006-09-29 | df = }}
10. ^{{cite web|title=State Extremes |publisher=Western Regional Climate Center, Desert Research Institute |url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/htmlfiles/state.extremes.html |accessdate=2007-01-03 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5ykfiy2Da?url=http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/htmlfiles/state.extremes.html |archivedate=2011-05-17 |deadurl=no |df= }}
11. ^{{cite journal |last=Day |first=Preston C. |title=Extreme Cold in the Yukon Region : The Cold Winter of 1917–18 |journal=Monthly Weather Review |volume=46 |issue=12 |pages=571–572 |doi= }}
12. ^Fort Yukon, Alaska - Period of Record : 1/1/1899 to 3/31/1990 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426003813/http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?ak3175 |date=2016-04-26 }}. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
13. ^Fort Yukon, Alaska climate {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303231654/http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=70194&PAG=0&CONT=namk&LEVEL=160®ION=0019&LAND=AK&INFO=0&R=0&NOREGION=1 |date=2016-03-03 }}. Retrieved August 7, 2016
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529192346/https://census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|archivedate=May 29, 2017|df=}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df= }}
16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-07-01 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170817184721/https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf |archivedate=2017-08-17 |df= }}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
18. ^"Mailing Addresses and Contact Information {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220050341/http://www.yukonflats.net/Yukon-Flats-School-Locations.html |date=2016-12-20 }}." Yukon Flats School District. Retrieved on December 4, 2016.

External links

{{Portal|Alaska|Arctic|Indigenous peoples of North America}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}
{{Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska}}{{Columbia Department}}{{Authority control}}

9 : 1847 establishments in the British Empire|Cities in Alaska|Cities in Yukon–Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska|Fort Yukon, Alaska|Gwich'in|Hudson's Bay Company forts in the United States|Populated places established in 1847|Populated places of the Arctic United States|Yukon River
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