| 词条 | Vaccinium myrtillus |
| 释义 |
|image = 203 Vaccinum myrtillus L.jpg |image_caption = 1891 illustration[1] |display_parents = 2 |genus = Vaccinium |parent = Vaccinium sect. Myrtillus |species = myrtillus |authority = L. 1753 |synonyms_ref = [2] |synonyms =
}}Vaccinium myrtillus is a species of shrub with edible fruit of blue color, commonly called "bilberry", "wimberry", "whortleberry", or European blueberry.[3] It has much in common with the American blueberry (Vaccinium cyanococcus). It is more precisely called common bilberry or blue whortleberry, to distinguish it from other Vaccinium relatives. Regional names include blaeberry, urts (Cornwall),[3] hurtleberry,[4] huckleberry, wimberry, whinberry, winberry,[5] blueberry,[6] and fraughan.[7] RangeVaccinium myrtillus is found natively in Continental Northern Europe, northern Asia, Greenland, Iceland, Western Canada, and the Western United States.[8] It occurs in the wild on heathlands and acidic soils. Its berry has been long consumed in the Old World.[9] It is related to the widely cultivated North American blueberry. UsesFruitVaccinium myrtillus has been used for nearly 1,000 years in traditional European medicine. Vaccinium myrtillus fruits have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally (directly or as tea or liqueur) for treatment of disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and diabetes.[10] Herbal supplements of V. myrtillus (bilberry) on the market are used for cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, as vision aids, and to treat diarrhea and other conditions.[11] Researchers are interested in bilberry because of its high concentrations of anthocyanins, which may have various health benefits.[11] The United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH) cautions, "There’s not enough scientific evidence to support the use of bilberry for any health conditions."[11]In cooking, the bilberry fruit is commonly used for the same purposes as the American blueberry, such as pies, cakes, jams, muffins, cookies, sauces, syrups, juices, and candies.[11] LeafIn traditional medicine, bilberry leaf is used for different conditions, including diarrhea, scurvy, infections, burns, and diabetes.[11] Confusion between bilberries and American blueberriesSince many people refer to "blueberries", no matter whether they mean the bilberry (European blueberry) Vaccinium myrtillus or the American blueberries, there is confusion about the two closely similar fruits. One can distinguish bilberries from their American counterpart by the following differences:
Adding to the confusion is the fact there are also wild American blueberry varieties, sold in stores mainly in the USA and Canada. These are uncommon outside of North America. Even more confusion is due to the huckleberry name, which originates from English dialectal names 'hurtleberry' and 'whortleberry' for the bilberry. See also
References1. ^illustration by Amédée Masclef, published in Atlas des plantes de France. 1891 2. ^The Plant List, Vaccinium myrtillus L. 3. ^{{cite book|last=Phillipps|first=K. C.|title=A Glossary of the Cornish Dialect|year=1993|publisher=Tabb House|location=Padstow|isbn=0907018912|page=57}} 4. ^{{GRIN | accessdate = 12 December 2017}} citing Wiersema, J. H. & B. León (1999), World economic plants: a standard reference, and Huxley, A., ed. (1992), The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening 5. ^Henley, Jon. [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2008/jun/09/foodanddrink.food Bilberries: the true taste of northern England], The Guardian, Monday 9 June 2008 6. ^{{cite book|last=Grigson|first=Geoffrey|authorlink=Geoffrey Grigson|title=The Englishman's Flora|year=1975|publisher=Paladin|isbn=0586082093|page=281}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tearma.ie/Search.aspx?term=fraoch%C3%A1n |title=Fraughan is an anglicisation of the Irish word Fraochán (or heather fruit, as the plant is often found growing with heather) |publisher= téarma.ie}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=VAMY2&mapType=nativity&photoID=vamy2_001_ahp.tif |title=Plants Profile for Vaccinium myrtillus (whortleberry) |publisher=Plants.usda.gov |date= |accessdate=2013-11-06}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://library.mothernature.com/l/dr-dukes-essential-herbs/bilberry_779.html |title=The bilberry is an Old World equivalent of North American blueberry |publisher=Library.mothernature.com |date= |accessdate=2013-11-06}} 10. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, Kopp B | doi = 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.007 |date=2013-03-25 |pmid=23770053 |volume=149 |title=Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine--an unexplored lore in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of 71 Austrian traditional herbal drugs |journal=J Ethnopharmacol |pages=750–71 |pmc=3791396}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=http://nccih.nih.gov/health/bilberry/ |title=Bilberry : Science and Safety | NCCIH |publisher=Nccih.nih.gov |date= |accessdate=2018-03-19}} 12. ^Make Traditional Dyes - Bilberry Dye Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
14 : Vaccinium|Berries|Flora of Europe|Flora of Asia|Flora of temperate Asia|Flora of Western Canada|Flora of the Western United States|Flora of Alaska|Flora of Greenland|Flora of Iceland|Plants described in 1753|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus|Medicinal plants|Blueberries |
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