| 词条 | Vachellia rigidula | |||
| 释义 |
|name = Vachellia rigidula |image = Acacia rigidula.jpg |status = G5 |status_system = TNC |status_ref = [1] |regnum = Plantae |unranked_divisio = Angiosperms |unranked_classis = Eudicots |unranked_ordo = Rosids |ordo = Fabales |familia = Fabaceae |genus = Vachellia |species = V. rigidula |binomial = Vachellia rigidula |binomial_authority = (Benth.) Seigler & Ebinger |synonyms = *Acacia rigidula Benth.[2]
|range_map = Acacia rigidula range map.png |range_map_caption = Natural range |}}Vachellia rigidula, commonly known as Blackbrush Acacia or Chaparro Prieto, and also known as Acacia rigidula, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. Its native range stretches from Texas in the United States south to central Mexico.[2] This perennial is not listed as being threatened.[3] It reaches a height of {{convert|5|-|15|ft|m}}.[4] Blackbrush Acacia grows on limestone hillsides and canyons.[5] PhytochemistryA phytochemical study of V. rigidula[6] by workers at the Texas A & M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Uvalde, TX, reported the presence of over forty alkaloids, including low amounts (up to ~ 15 ppm) of several amphetamines that had previously been found by the same research group in the related species Senegalia berlandieri,[7] but which otherwise are known only as products of laboratory synthesis. Compounds found in the highest concentrations (ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand ppm) were phenylethylamine, N-methylphenethylamine, tyramine and N-methyltyramine. Other notable compounds reported were N,N-dimethyltryptamine, mescaline, amphetamine, methamphetamine and nicotine, although these were found in low concentrations (e.g. mescaline at 3-28 ppm). The presence of such an unprecedented chemical range of psychoactive compounds, including ones not previously found in nature, in a single plant species has led to the suggestion that some of these findings may have resulted from cross-contamination or were possibly artifacts of the analytical technique.[8] UsesV. rigidula is used in weight loss dietary supplements because of the presence of chemical compounds claimed to stimulate beta-receptors to increase lipolysis and metabolic rate and decrease appetite.[9]V. rigidula is also known as a large honey producer and early blooming plant for its native region.[10]SafetyIn 2015, 52% of supplements labeled as containing Acacia rigidula were found to be adulterated with synthetic BMPEA, an amphetamine isomer.[11] Consumers following recommended maximum daily servings would consume a maximum of 94 mg of BMPEA per day.[11] In 2012, however, the FDA determined that BMPEA was not naturally present in Acacia rigidula leaves.[12] GalleryReferences1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?sourceTemplate=tabular_report.wmt&loadTemplate=species_RptComprehensive.wmt&selectedReport=RptComprehensive.wmt&summaryView=tabular_report.wmt&elKey=154786&paging=home&save=true&startIndex=1&nextStartIndex=1&reset=false&offPageSelectedElKey=154786&offPageSelectedElType=species&offPageYesNo=true&post_processes=&radiobutton=radiobutton&selectedIndexes=154786 |title=Acacia rigidula - Benth. Blackbrush Acacia |work=NatureServe Explorer |publisher=NatureServe |accessdate=2010-10-17}}{{dead link|date=April 2015}} 2. ^1 {{GRIN | accessdate=2010-10-17}} 3. ^ILDIS LegumeWeb{{full citation needed|date=April 2015}} {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629102904/http://www.ildis.org/LegumeWeb?version~10.01&LegumeWeb&tno~7639&genus~Acacia&species~rigidula |date=June 29, 2007 }} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ACRI |title=Acacia rigidula Benth. |work=Native Plant Database |publisher=Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center |accessdate=2009-06-30}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ornamentals/nativeshrubs/acaciarigid.htm |title=Blackbrush Acacia, Chaparro Prieto, Catclaw, Gavia |work=Texas Native Plants Database |publisher=Texas A&M University |accessdate=2009-06-30}} 6. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(97)01022-4 |title=Toxic amines and alkaloids from acacia rigidula |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=49 |issue=5 |pages=1377–80 |year=1998 |last1=Clement |first1=Beverly A |last2=Goff |first2=Christina M |last3=Forbes |first3=T.David A }} 7. ^{{cite journal |doi=10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00240-9 |title=Toxic amines and alkaloids from Acacia berlandieri |journal=Phytochemistry |volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=249–54 |year=1997 |last1=Clement |first1=Beverly A. |last2=Goff |first2=Christina M. |last3=Forbes |first3=T. David A. }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cognitiveliberty.org/shulgin/adsarchive/acacia.htm |work=Ask Dr. Shulgin Online |title=Acacias and Natural Amphetamine |publisher=Center for Cognitive Liberty & Ethics |date=2001-09-26}} 9. ^{{cite patent |country=WO |number=2006099274 |status=application |title=Dietary Supplement and Method of Using Same |pubdate=2006-09-14 |fdate=2006-03-13 |inventor=Jared R. Wheat |class=A61K36/48}} 10. ^http://www.wildflower.org/plants/result.php?id_plant=ACRI 11. ^1 {{cite journal |doi=10.1002/dta.1793 |title=An amphetamine isomer whose efficacy and safety in humans has never been studied, β-methylphenylethylamine (BMPEA), is found in multiple dietary supplements |journal=Drug Testing and Analysis |pages= |year=2015 |last1=Cohen |first1=Pieter A. |last2=Bloszies |first2=Clayton |last3=Yee |first3=Caleb |last4=Gerona |first4=Roy }} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/news/20150407/bmpea-acacia-rigidula-supplments|title=Untested Stimulant Still in Dietary Supplements|first=Brenda |last=Goodman|publisher=WebMD|date=2015-04-07}} External links{{Commonscat-inline|Acacia rigidula|Vachellia rigidula}}{{Wikispecies-inline|Acacia rigidula|Vachellia rigidula}}
14 : Vachellia|Plants described in 1842|Shrubs|Trees of the South-Central United States|Trees of Mexico|Trees of Coahuila|Trees of Michoacán|Trees of Nuevo León|Trees of San Luis Potosí|Trees of Tamaulipas|Trees of Veracruz|Entheogens|Forages|Trees of the United States |
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