“Vainu Bappu”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Manali Kallat Vainu Bappu (10 August 1927 – 19 August 1982) was an Indian astronomer and president of the International Astronomical Union. Bappu helped establish several astronomical institutions in India——including the Vainu Bappu Observatory named after him—and also contributed to the establishment of the modern Indian Institute of Astrophysics. In 1957, he discovered the Wilson-Bappu effect jointly with American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson.

He is regarded as the father of modern Indian astronomy.{{by whom?|date=August 2018}}{{fact|date=August 2018}}

Early life

Vainu Bappu was born in an Thiyya family on 10 August 1927, in Chennai, as the only child of Manali Kukuzhi and Sunanna Bappu.^[1] His family originally hails from Thalassery in Kerala. His father was an astronomer at the Nizamiah Observatory in Andhra Pradesh.^[1] He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Astronomy for his PhD after obtaining postgraduate degree from the Madras University.^[1] Bappu, along with two of his colleagues, discovered the 'Bappu-Bok-Newkirk' comet.^[1] He was awarded the Donhoe Comet-Medal by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific in 1949.^[2]

In a paper published in 1957, American astronomer Olin Chaddock Wilson and Bappu had described what would later be known as the Wilson-Bappu effect.^[6] The effect as described by L.V. Kuhi is: 'The width of the Ca II emission in normal, nonvariable, G, K, and M stars is correlated with the visual absolute magnitude in the sense that the brighter the star the wider the emission.'^[3] The paper opened up the field of stellar chromospheres for research.^[8]

Return to India

On his return to India, Bappu was appointed to head a team of astronomers to build an observatory at Nainital.^[2] His efforts of building an indigenous large optical telescope and a research observatory led to the founding of an optical observatory of Kavalur, inaugurated in 1986 by Rajiv Gandhi, who named the observatory, and its large telescope after Bappu.^[1]^[4] The Vainu Bappu Observatory is one of the main observatories of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics, also initiated in its modern avatar by Bappu in 1971.^[4] Later, a number of discoveries were made from the Vainu Bappu Observatory.^[5]

Career overview

See also

References

1. ^¹Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
2. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷⁸Bhattacharyya, J. C. (2002), "M K Vainu Bappu", Resonance, 7 (8), Springer India.
3. ^¹Kuhi, L. V., "The Wilson-Bappu Effect in T Tauri Stars", Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 77 (457): 253.
4. ^¹²³M.K. Vaina Bappu, Indian Institute of Astrophysics.
5. ^At Kavalur the first observations with an indigenously built 38 cm telescope were made in late 1967. In Kavalur the one-metre Zeiss telescope was installed in 1972, and the very next month, during an occultation event, scientists discovered a trace of atmosphere on Gynymede, the largest satellite of Jupiter. Five years later the same telescope discovered the rings of Uranus. -- Indian Astronomy : From Jantar-Mantar to Kavalur, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.