| 词条 | Valery Tarsis |
| 释义 |
| name = Valery Yakovlevich Tarsis | native_name = Валерий Яковлевич Тарсис | image = Valery Tarsis.jpg | caption = | birth_date = {{OldStyleDate|23 September|1906|10 September}} | birth_place = Kiev, Ukraine | death_date = {{death date and age|1983|3|3|1906|9|23|df=yes}} | death_place = Bern, Switzerland | occupation = specialist in Western literature, translator, writer | nationality = Russian | citizenship = {{Flag|Soviet Union}} | alma_mater = Rostov-on-Don State University | influences = | influenced = | signature = }} Valery Yakovlevich Tarsis ({{lang-uk|Валерій Яковлевич Тарсіс}}, {{lang-ru|Вале́рий Я́ковлевич Та́рсис}}; {{OldStyleDate|23 September|1906|10 September}}, Kiev – 3 March 1983, Bern) was a Ukrainian writer, literary critic, and translator.[1] He was highly critical of the communist regime. BiographyValery was born in Kiev in 1906 and graduated from the Rostov-on-Don State University in 1929.[2]{{rp|65}} He translated thirty four books into Russian.[3]{{rp|193}} During World War II Tarsis was twice severely wounded. As a young man Tarsis joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union but became disillusioned in the 1930s and finally broke with the party in 1960.[2]{{rp|65}} In 1966, he said his key purpose in writing "is to struggle against Communism."[4] He smuggled his compositions out of Russia so that they could escape Soviet censorship.[5] The publication abroad of his scathing 1962 novel The Bluebottle earned him an eight-month stay in a Soviet mental hospital,[6] an experience he described in his autobiographical novel Ward 7: "All around him were faces exposed by sleep or distorted by nightmares ... it is always hard to be the only one awake, and it is almost unbearable to stand the third watch of the world in a madhouse..."[7] Tarsis' Ward No. 7 is a personal account of the use of psychiatry to stifle dissidence.[8] The book was one of the first literary works to deal with political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union.[9]{{rp|208}} Tarsis based the book upon his own experiences in 1963–1964 when he was detained in the Moscow Kashchenko psychiatric hospital for political reasons.[10]{{rp|140}} In a parallel with the story Ward No. 6 by Anton Chekhov, Tarsis implies that it is the doctors who are mad, whereas the patients are completely sane, although unsuited to a life of slavery.[9]{{rp|208}} In ward No. 7 individuals are not cured, but persistently maimed; the hospital is a jail and the doctors are gaolers and police spies.[9]{{rp|208}} Most doctors know nothing about psychiatry, but make diagnoses arbitrarily and give all patients the same medication — the anti-psychotic drug aminozin or an algogenic injection.[9]{{rp|208}} Tarsis denounces Soviet psychiatry as pseudo-science and charlatanism.[9]{{rp|208}} Among all the victims of Soviet psychiatry, Tarsis was the sole exception in the sense that he did not emphasised the 'injustice' of confining 'sane dissidents' to psychiatric hospitals and did not thereby imply that the psychiatric confinement of 'insane patients' was proper and just.[11] In 1966, Tarsis was permitted to emigrate to the West, and was soon deprived of his Soviet citizenship.[10]{{rp|140}} He lectured at the Leicester University[12] and Gettysburg College.[4][13] In his words, he had invitations to lecture at the Sorbonne and at universities of Geneva, Oslo and Naples.[14] The KGB had plans to compromise the literary career of Tarsis abroad through labelling him as a mentally ill person.[15]{{rp|279}} As the 1966 memorandum to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union reported, "KGB continues arrangements for further compromising Tarsis abroad as a mentally ill person."[16][17] He settled in Bern, Switzerland where he died after a heart attack on 3 March 1983 at the age of 76.[18] Works
Further reading
References1. ^{{cite book|author1=Perrucci, Robert|authorlink2=Marc Pilisuk|author2=Pilisuk, Marc |title=The triple revolution: social problems in depth|year=1968|publisher=Little, Brown|pages=325|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QicFAQAAIAAJ}} {{Soviet dissidents}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Tarsis, Valery}}2. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Bloch, Sidney |author2=Reddaway, Peter |title=Russia's political hospitals: The abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union|year=1977|publisher=Victor Gollancz Ltd|page=65|isbn=0-575-02318-X}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Artyomova, A.; Slavinsky, M.; Rar, L. [А. Артёмова, М. Славинский, Л. Рар] |lastauthoramp=yes |title=Казнимые сумасшествием: Сборник документальных материалов о психиатрических преследованиях инакомыслящих в СССР|trans-title=The executed by madness: a collection of documentary materials about psychiatric persecutions of dissenters in the USSR|year=1971|page=193|publisher=Посев [Seeding]|location=Frankfurt am Main|url=http://antisoviet.imwerden.net/samizdat_kaznim.pdf|language=Russian}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|title=Students to hear Russian on Wednesday|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2202&dat=19661003&id=r2QmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Jf8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=3214,2617515&hl=com|work=The Gettysburg Times|date=3 October 1966}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Alive now, says Russian novelist|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1817&dat=19660510&id=W140AAAAIBAJ&sjid=GJsEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6256,1667841&hl=com|work=The Tuscaloosa News|date=10 May 1966}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Szasz, Thomas|title=Ideology and insanity: essays on the psychiatric dehumanization of man|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZUU3f8pwxg0C&pg=PA30|accessdate=6 January 2011|date=February 1991|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-0256-9|pages=30}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Tarsis, Valeriy (Trans. Katya Brown, 1965)|title=Ward 7: An Autobiographical Novel|year=1963|location=London & Glasgow|publisher=Collins and Harvill Press}} 8. ^{{cite journal|author=Belkin, Gary|title=Writing about their science: American interest in Soviet psychiatry during the post-Stalin Cold War|journal=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine|date=Autumn 1999|volume=43|issue=1|pages=31–46|pmid=10701220|doi=10.1353/pbm.1999.0041}} 9. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|author=Marsh, Rosalind|title=Soviet fiction since Stalin: science, politics and literature|year=1986|publisher=Croom Helm|isbn=0-7099-1776-7|pages=208|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=snsOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA208}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|author=Voren, Robert van|title=Cold War in psychiatry: human factors, secret actors|year=2010|publisher=Rodopi|location=Amsterdam—New York|isbn=90-420-3046-1|page=140|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ru3-kQAACAAJ}} 11. ^{{cite journal|author=Szasz, Thomas |title=Psychiatry and dissent |journal=The Spectator |date=4 March 1978 |volume=240 |issue=7809 |pages=12–13 |pmid=11665013 |url=http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/4th-march-1978/12/psychiatry-and-dissent |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223090644/http://archive.spectator.co.uk/article/4th-march-1978/12/psychiatry-and-dissent |archivedate=February 23, 2014 }} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Tarsis amenable to Canadian visit|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1946&dat=19660211&id=pZouAAAAIBAJ&sjid=np8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=7083,2408936&hl=com|work=The Montreal Gazette|date=11 February 1966}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Soviet critic draws crowd|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2202&dat=19661006&id=sWQmAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Jf8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1119,2401447&hl=com|work=The Gettysburg Times|date=6 October 1966}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Outspoken anti-red critic issued passport by Soviet|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1350&dat=19660207&id=lWExAAAAIBAJ&sjid=YgEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7245,789029&hl=com|work=Toledo Blade|date=7 February 1966}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Pietikäinen, Petteri|title=Madness: A History|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ip1hCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT408|page=279|isbn=1317484444}} 16. ^{{cite journal|title=Смотрели за каждым… "Палата № 7"|trans-title=They watched anyone… "Ward 7"|journal=Вопросы литературы [Questions of Literature]|date=1996|issue=2|url=http://magazines.russ.ru/voplit/1996/2/doc1.html|language=Russian}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=О мерах в связи с антисоветскими материалами в английской печати (Тарсиса): Решение Президиума ЦК КПСС № 238/132 от 8 апреля 1966 по записке Николая Степановича Захарова и Романа Андреевича Руденко от 14 февраля 1966 и записке Андрея Андреевича Громыко от 5 апреля 1966|trans-title=On measures in connection with anti-Soviet materials (by Tarsis) in the British press: The resolution by the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union No. 238/132 of 8 April 1966 in response to the note by Nikolai Zakharov and Roman Rudenko of 14 February 1966 and in response to the note by Andrei Gromyko of 5 April 1966|language=Russian|date=8 April 1966|publisher=Soviet Archives, collected by Vladimir Bukovsky}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/04/obituaries/valery-tarsis-is-dead-soviet-emigre-novelist.html|title=Valery Tarsis is dead; Soviet emigre novelist|work=The New York Times|date=4 March 1983}} 24 : 1906 births|1983 deaths|People from Kiev|Ukrainian people of World War II|Writers from Kiev|Soviet novelists|Soviet male writers|20th-century Russian male writers|Ukrainian writers in Russian|20th-century Russian writers|Soviet translators|Ukrainian translators|20th-century translators|Italian–Russian translators|French–Russian translators|Soviet dissidents|Ukrainian dissidents|Ukrainian anti-communists|Resigned Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Soviet psychiatric abuse whistleblowers|Psychiatric survivor activists|Soviet expellees|People forcibly stripped of Soviet citizenship|Soviet emigrants to Switzerland |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。