| 词条 | Vancouver Lake |
| 释义 |
| name = Vancouver Lake | image = Vancouver Lake.jpg | caption = An aerial view of the lake (with the Columbia River in the foreground) | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Clark County, Washington | coords = {{coord|45.6779|N|122.721|W|region:US-WA_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}} | type = | inflow = Columbia River (intermittent) and Burnt Bridge Creek (continuous) | outflow = Lake River (intermittent) | catchment = Vancouver Lake/Lake River, Lakeshore, Burnt Bridge Creek, Salmon Creek, Whipple Creek, Flume Creek | basin_countries = United States | length = | width = > {{convert|2|mi|km|1|abbr=on}} | area = approx. {{convert|2300|acre|km2|abbr=on}} | depth = < {{convert|3|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|12|to|15|ft|m}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = > {{convert|7|mi|km|abbr=on}} | elevation = | islands = 1 | cities = }} Vancouver Lake is located just west of Vancouver, Washington, United States, north of the Columbia River and Portland, Oregon, south of Ridgefield, Washington, and the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge. The lake is shallow, with a maximum depth of {{convert|12|to|15|ft|m}} and a mean depth of less than {{convert|3|ft|m|1}}.[1][2] There is an island in the northern half of the lake named Turtle Island.[3] The island was formed from the tailings of an Army Corps of Engineers dredging project, which dredged around the perimeter of the lake in the early 1980s. Lake River flows from the north shore to the Columbia River near Ridgefield. Due to seasonal variation in relative river and lake levels, Lake River experiences intermittent flow reversal and flows into Vancouver Lake for considerable periods of time. The sources for Vancouver Lake's water include a flushing channel (equipped with tidal gates to control flows) from the Columbia River near the southwest shoreline and Burnt Bridge Creek on the eastern shoreline, which winds about {{convert|10|mi}} through many of the city's residential areas. Until the 1980s this creek was neglected and a major source of pollution for the lake. Lower River Road leads west out of Vancouver to a park on the shore of Vancouver Lake which includes a large swimming area.[4] A trail leads to Frenchman's Bar Park on the nearby Columbia River. Natural historyVancouver Lake is home to a variety of wildlife species, many of which it shares with the nearby Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge. Descriptions from the late 19th century describe Vancouver Lake as clear, up to twenty feet deep and containing sturgeon. Current turbidity, more shallow depths and a lack of aquatic plant structures have diminished the variety of species and more recent surveys showed the most abundant fish by mass were brown bullhead, white crappie, black crappie, and common carp, with a few juvenile salmonids and a population of channel catfish, largemouth bass, bluegill, pumpkinseed, yellow perch, naturalized goldfish, northern pikeminnow, American shad, mosquito fish, largescale sucker, and freshwater sculpin.[5] Rich fringe environments provide habitat for amphibians such as tree frogs, reptiles such as garter snakes and a wide variety of birds, including large species such as great blue herons, osprey and bald eagles. It is within the Pacific Flyway. Large mammals on its banks include raccoons, a few black-tailed deer and an occasional coyote. HistorySuburbanization of its watershed area led to an increase in water pollution. Surface runoff brought increased sediment while residential drain fields and increased use of fertilizers rich in nitrogen and phosphorus contributed to eutrophication. DDT was also used for mosquito control until its effects on fish and birds became apparent, and the county discontinued it. Since then there have been various interests in the area as it relates to habitat preservation, recreation and industry, culminating in the "Habitek" plan of the mid-1980s and the multi-agency Burnt Bridge Creek Watershed Plan of 1995. Algal bloom has been an intermittent problem for recreational use of the lake (officially recognized by the county in 2003) since cyanobacteria such as Anabaena, Microcystis aeruginosa and Cylindrospermopsin raciborskii may produce neurotoxins such as cylindrospermopsin. The Vancouver Lake Watershed Partnership was formed in October 2004, bringing various public agencies with interest and jurisdiction together.[8] Vancouver Lake plays host to two water sport oriented recreation clubs. Vancouver Lake Crew is a high school and master aged rowing club that uses the lake as its primary practice facility. Along with rowing, kayaking, canoeing, and dragon boating are also popular activities hosted by Vancouver Lake Crew. On the opposite shore sits the Vancouver Lake Sailing Club where sail boats can be launched. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Vancouver Lake 2006 Volunteer Monitoring Data Summary|url=http://www.co.clark.wa.us/water-resources/documents/Monitoring/VanLake%20data%20summary%202006.pdf|format=PDF|year=2006|publisher=Clark County|accessdate=January 20, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208083216/http://www.co.clark.wa.us/water-resources/documents/Monitoring/VanLake%20data%20summary%202006.pdf|archive-date=February 8, 2012|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}} 2. ^{{cite news|last=Erik|first=Robinson|title=Dredgers Scoop Up 24 Years of Gunk to Help Vancouver Lake|work=The Columbian|page=a1|date=December 8, 2006|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:NewsBank:VCBB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=115FCCE7C3C08A70&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated4&req_dat=8CE642B8CA5C4083BE84A2539D6E1A73|accessdate=January 20, 2013}} 3. ^http://wsm.wsu.edu/s/index.php?id=766 4. ^http://www.vancwa.com/lake.htm 5. ^{{citation|title= The 1998 Warm-water Fish Survey of Vancouver Lake Clark County|work=Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife as cited in Vancouver Lake 2006 Volunteer Monitoring Data Summary|date=2000|author= Caromile, S.J., W.R. Meyer, & C.S. Jackson.|url=http://www.co.clark.wa.us/water-resources/documents/Monitoring/VanLake%20data%20summary%202006.pdfl}} 6. ^{{cite news|date=1929-02-10|work=The Oregonian}} 7. ^{{citation|title=Timeline of Events around Vancouver Lake|url=http://www.fishlib.org/library/Bibliographies/VLWP/timeline.html}} 8. ^http://www.cityofvancouver.us/PublicWorks/vancouverlake/ External links
3 : Lakes of Washington (state)|Lakes of Clark County, Washington|Tourist attractions in Clark County, Washington |
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