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词条 Vascular disease
释义

  1. Associated medical conditions

     Types 

  2. Mechanism

  3. Diagnosis

  4. Treatment

  5. References

  6. Further reading

  7. External links

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Vascular disease
| image = File:Vein art rotating.gif
| caption = Veins and arteries
|
| pronounce =
| field =
| synonyms =
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types = Peripheral artery disease[1], Renal artery stenosis[2]
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis = Venography, Ultrasound[3]
| differential =
| prevention =
| treatment = Quit smoking, Lower cholesterol[4]
| medication =
| prognosis =
| frequency =
| deaths =
}}Vascular disease is a class of diseases of the blood vessels – the arteries and veins of the circulatory system of the body. It is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease. Disorders in this vast network of blood vessels, can cause a range of health problems which can be severe or prove fatal.[1]

Associated medical conditions

Types

There are several types of vascular disease, (which is a subgroup of cardiovascular disease), the signs and symptoms depend on which type, among them are:[2]

  • Erythromelalgia - a rare peripheral vascular disease where syndromes includes burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet are affected. [3]
  • Peripheral artery disease – happens when atheromatous plaques build up in the arteries that supply blood to the arms and legs, plaque causes the arteries to narrow or become blocked.[4]
  • Renal artery stenosis - is the narrowing of renal arteries that carry blood to the kidneys from the aorta.[5]
  • Buerger's disease – is due to small blood vessels that inflame and swell, vessels then narrow or are blocked by blood clots.[6]
  • Raynaud's disease – a rare peripheral vascular disorder of constriction of the peripheral blood vessels, in the fingers and toes when the person is cold.[7]
  • Disseminated intravascular coagulation – a widespread activation of clotting in the smaller blood vessels.[8]
  • Cerebrovascular disease–a group of vascular diseases that affect brain function.{{citation needed|date=October 2016}}

Mechanism

Vascular disease is a pathological state of large and medium muscular arteries and is triggered by endothelial cell dysfunction.[9] Because of factors like pathogens, oxidized LDL particles and other inflammatory stimuli endothelial cells become active.[10] The process causes thickening of the vessel wall, forming a plaque that consists of proliferating smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes.[11][12] The plaque results in a restricted blood flow which will decrease the amount of oxygen and nutrients that reach certain organs,[13] the plaque might rupture causing the formation of clots.

Diagnosis

It can be difficult to make a vascular disease diagnosis since there are a variety of symptoms that a person can have, also family history and a physical examination are important. The physical exam may be different depending on the type of vascular disease. In the case of a peripheral vascular disease the physical exam consists in checking the blood flow in the legs.[14][15]

Treatment

Treatment varies with the type of vascular disease; in the case of renal artery disease, information from a meta-analysis indicated that balloon angioplasty results in improvement of diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in antihypertensive drug requirements.[16] In the case of peripheral artery disease, preventing complications is important; without treatment, sores or gangrene (tissue death) may occur. Among the treatments are:[17]

  • Quitting smoking
  • Lowering cholesterol
  • Lower blood pressure
  • Lower blood glucose
  • Physical activity

References

1. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Vascular Diseases: MedlinePlus|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/vasculardiseases.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|title = ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic): A Collaborative Report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery,⁎ Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease)|url = http://content.onlinejacc.org/article.aspx?articleid=1137388|journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume = 47|issue = 6|pages = e1–e192|access-date = 2016-02-02|doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.02.024|year = 2006|last1 = Hirsch|first1 = Alan T.|last2 = Haskal|first2 = Ziv J.|last3 = Hertzer|first3 = Norman R.|last4 = Bakal|first4 = Curtis W.|last5 = Creager|first5 = Mark A.|last6 = Halperin|first6 = Jonathan L.|last7 = Hiratzka|first7 = Loren F.|last8 = Murphy|first8 = William R.C.|last9 = Olin|first9 = Jeffrey W.|last10 = Puschett|first10 = Jules B.|last11 = Rosenfield|first11 = Kenneth A.|last12 = Sacks|first12 = David|last13 = Stanley|first13 = James C.|last14 = Taylor|first14 = Lloyd M.|last15 = White|first15 = Christopher J.|last16 = White|first16 = John|last17 = White|first17 = Rodney A.|last18 = Antman|first18 = Elliott M.|last19 = Smith|first19 = Sidney C.|last20 = Adams|first20 = Cynthia D.|last21 = Anderson|first21 = Jeffrey L.|last22 = Faxon|first22 = David P.|last23 = Fuster|first23 = Valentin|last24 = Gibbons|first24 = Raymond J.|last25 = Halperin|first25 = Jonathan L.|last26 = Hiratzka|first26 = Loren F.|last27 = Hunt|first27 = Sharon A.|last28 = Jacobs|first28 = Alice K.|last29 = Nishimura|first29 = Rick|last30 = Ornato|first30 = Joseph P.|displayauthors = 29}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/erythromelalgia/|title=Erythromelalgia|date=2017-10-18|website=nhs.uk|language=en|access-date=2019-01-04}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Peripheral Arterial Disease: MedlinePlus|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/peripheralarterialdisease.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
5. ^1 {{Cite web|title = Renal Artery Stenosis|url = http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/kidney-disease/renal-artery-stenosis-ras/Pages/facts.aspx|website = www.niddk.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
6. ^{{Cite web|title = Thromboangiitis obliterans: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000172.htm|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
7. ^{{Cite web|title = Raynaud's Disease: MedlinePlus|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/raynaudsdisease.html|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
8. ^{{Cite web|title = Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000573.htm|website = www.nlm.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-25}}
9. ^{{Cite journal|title = The Vascular Endothelium and Human Diseases|journal = International Journal of Biological Sciences|date = 2013|issn = 1449-2288|pmc = 3831119|pmid = 24250251|pages = 1057–1069|volume = 9|issue = 10|doi = 10.7150/ijbs.7502|first = Peramaiyan|last = Rajendran|first2 = Thamaraiselvan|last2 = Rengarajan|first3 = Jayakumar|last3 = Thangavel|first4 = Yutaka|last4 = Nishigaki|first5 = Dhanapal|last5 = Sakthisekaran|first6 = Gautam|last6 = Sethi|first7 = Ikuo|last7 = Nishigaki}}
10. ^{{Cite book|title = Encyclopedic Reference of Vascular Biology & Pathology|url = https://books.google.com/?id=Hd_rCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=ldl+activates+endothelial+cells#v=onepage&q=ldl%2520activates%2520endothelial%2520cells&f=false|publisher = Springer|date = 2013-12-19|isbn = 9783642570636|language = en|first = Andreas|last = Bikfalvi}}
11. ^{{Cite book|title = Pathology Reviews · 1989|url = https://books.google.com/?id=0jb2BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&lpg=PA172&dq=plaque+consists+of+proliferating+smooth+muscle+cells,+macrophages+and+lymphocytes.#v=onepage&q=plaque%2520consists%2520of%2520proliferating%2520smooth%2520muscle%2520cells%252C%2520macrophages%2520and%2520lymphocytes.&f=false|publisher = Springer Science & Business Media|date = 2013-11-11|isbn = 9781461245025|language = en|first = Emanuel|last = Rubin|first2 = Ivan|last2 = Damjanov}}
12. ^{{Cite book|title = The Lipid Handbook with CD-ROM, Third Edition|url = https://books.google.com/?id=INZa6WmqDA8C&pg=PA711&lpg=PA711&dq=plaque+consists+of+proliferating+smooth+muscle+cells,+macrophages+and+lymphocytes.#v=onepage&q=plaque%2520consists%2520of%2520proliferating%2520smooth%2520muscle%2520cells%252C%2520macrophages%2520and%2520lymphocytes.&f=false|publisher = CRC Press|date = 2007-03-13|isbn = 9781420009675|language = en|first = Frank D.|last = Gunstone|first2 = John L.|last2 = Harwood|first3 = Albert J.|last3 = Dijkstra}}
13. ^{{Cite book|title = Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition|url = https://books.google.com/?id=c27B9Y83r8cC&pg=PA812&dq=plaque+results+in+obstructed+blood+flow#v=onepage&q=plaque%2520results%2520in%2520obstructed%2520blood%2520flow&f=false|publisher = Cengage Learning|date = 2011-06-20|isbn = 978-0840068453|language = en|first = Sharon Rady|last = Rolfes|first2 = Kathryn|last2 = Pinna|first3 = Ellie|last3 = Whitney}}
14. ^{{Cite web|title = How Is Peripheral Arterial Disease Diagnosed? - NHLBI, NIH|url = http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pad/diagnosis|website = www.nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}
15. ^{{Cite journal|title = Screening for peripheral arterial disease|journal = Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue = 4|pages = CD010835|date = 2014|language = en|first = Alina|last = Andras|first2 = Bart|last2 = Ferket|doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010835.pub2|pmid = 24711093}}
16. ^{{Cite journal|title = Balloon angioplasty, with and without stenting, versus medical therapy for hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis|journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date = 2014|issn = 1469-493X|pmid = 25478936|pages = CD002944|volume = 12|issue = 12|doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD002944.pub2|first = Sara|last = Jenks|first2 = Su Ern|last2 = Yeoh|first3 = Bryan R.|last3 = Conway}}
17. ^1 {{Cite web|title = How Is Peripheral Arterial Disease Treated? - NHLBI, NIH|url = http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/pad/treatment|website = www.nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}

Further reading

  • {{Cite web|title = The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials|url = http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ShowRecord.asp?ID=12012023329#.VYluCjfbJph|website = www.crd.york.ac.uk|accessdate = 2015-06-23}}

External links

{{Medical resources
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|G|45||g|40}}{ICD10|G|46||g|40}}, {{ICD10|I|60||i|60}{{ICD10|I|95||i|95}}
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|325}}, {{ICD9|430}}-{{ICD9|459}}
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicineSubj =
| eMedicineTopic =
| MeshID = D014652
}}{{Vascular diseases}}{{Cardiovascular system symptoms and signs}}{{Eponymous medical signs for cardiovascular system}}{{Medicine}}

1 : Vascular diseases
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