| 词条 | Vasily Zavoyko |
| 释义 |
| name = Vasily Zavoyko | image = Zavoiko VS 1860.jpg | image_size = 250px | caption = Vasily Zavoyko | nickname = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1809|07|15|df=y}} | birth_place = Prokhorovka, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|1898|02|16|1809|07|15|df=y}} | death_place = Mechetnaya, Russian Empire | placeofburial = | allegiance = {{flag|Russian Empire}} | branch = {{navy|Russian Empire}} | serviceyears = 1820–1890 | rank = Admiral | unit = | commands = | battles = Greek War of Independence
| awards = Order of the White Eagle Order of St. George | relations = | laterwork = }}Vasily Stepanovich Zavoyko ({{lang-ru|link=no|Василий Степанович Завойко}}; 5 July 1809 – 16 February 1898) was an admiral in the Russian navy.[1][2] Born to a noble Ukrainian family of a naval medic hailed from Poltava Governorate,[1] in 1827 he took part in the Battle of Navarino,[1] and in 1835-1838 he twice circumnavigated the Earth.[1] In 1840 he became an employee of the Russian-American Company and soon became the manager of the Okhotsk port.[1] He deduced that the port was inconvenient for trade, as it was too far from the Lena River basin and advocated transfer of the Company port to Ayan. During his exploration Zavoyko discovered the estuary of the Amur River (the exploration was later continued by Gennady Nevelskoy, who proved that the Strait of Tartary was not a gulf, but indeed a strait, connected to Amur's estuary by Nevelskoy Strait). Zavoyko's reports about the potential importance of the river led to the 1846 expedition to study Amur and ultimately to the incorporation of the modern Primorsky Krai to Russia[1] (see Amur Annexation). In 1850, he was appointed governor of Kamchatka and the commander of the port of Petropavlovsk.[1] Under Zavoyko's governorship, Kamchatka expanded to include a wharf, foundry, and a new army barracks. Zavoyko also encouraged agricultural expansion, urging each household to sustain itself with potato farming. These efforts, however, did little to improve the region's low economic and cultural standards.[3] In 1854, during the Crimean War, Zavoyko led the successful defence against the Siege of Petropavlovsk by the allied British-French troops commanded by Rear Admirals David Price and Auguste Febvrier Despointes. Zavoyko managed to repel the superior allied forces and even captured the British banner.[1] In the winter of 1855, Zavoyko was in charge of the transfer the main Russian Pacific naval base from Petropavlovsk to the Amur estuary. The fleet managed to make its way through despite the frozen seas and the superior enemy fleet awaiting them near the Amur inflow.[1] In two months sailors built the Nikolayevsk-on-Amur city that served as the base for the fleet.[1] In 1856, Zavoyko returned to Saint Petersburg, where he served as the Naval General-Auditor.[1] He was married to Juliana Wrangell and had 11 children: five sons and six daughters. Zavoyko died in 1898. One daughter, Ekaterina Vasilievna, married Vasily Grinevetsky the professor of engineering at the Imperial Moscow Technical School. Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Article Zavoyko{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary {{ru icon}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Zavoyko, Vasily}}2. ^Article Zavoyko (addendum){{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary {{ru icon}} 3. ^{{cite web| last = Ivashchenko| first = Sergei| title = Kamchadal| publisher = KAMCHADAL International Sled Dog Race Inc.| date = 2003| url = http://www.kamchadal.com/Frame-5-kamchatkahistorypage5.html?refresh=1161662472561| accessdate = 2007-04-10 }} 8 : 1809 births|1898 deaths|People from Poltava Governorate|People from Kaniv Raion|Imperial Russian explorers|Imperial Russian Navy admirals|Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree|Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russian) |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。