“Framestore”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Framestore is a British visual effects company based on Chancery Lane in London. Formed in 1986, it acquired (and subsequently merged) the Computer Film Company in 1997. The company works across several different areas of the media: feature films, commercials, music videos, feature animation and digital.

The company's registered office is at 28 Chancery Lane, moved after years at 9 Noel Street, London. The moving happened in March 2018, merging all offices in London (Wells, Noel, Oxford House), to a single seven floor building hosting more than a 1000 employees. - In 2004, the company set up an office in New York City's SoHo district to serve the American advertising market, and has since set up offices in Los Angeles, Chicago and Montreal.

History

Foundation

Framestore was founded in 1986 by Sharon Reed, William Sargent, Jonathan Hills, Mike McGee and Alison Turner. Tim Webber joined Framestore in 1988 and led the company's push into digital film and television, developing Framestore’s virtual camera and motion rig systems. In 1992, Mike Milne started the CGI department, adding computer-generated animation to the company’s range of facilities. The company's work covered award-winning images in commercials, music videos, television graphics and television drama. In 1994 its film visual effects division was set up.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Merger with CFC

Framestore acquired the Computer Film Company (CFC) in 1997 which was one of the first digital film special effects companies, developing technology for digital film scanning, compositing, and output. It was founded in London in 1984 by Mike Boudry, Wolfgang Lempp (now CTO at Filmlight) and Neil Harris (Lightworks). CFC's first film was The Fruit Machine, in 1988, which utilised early morphing techniques.^[1]

In 2004 Framestore opened their first satellite office in New York City, to focus on advertising. This was followed by another office in Iceland in 2008, which has since been closed and has reopened as a local VFX company, RVX. In 2008, Framestore dropped the CFC from its name, becoming simply Framestore.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} In 2013 Framestore opened an office in Montreal, followed by another in Los Angeles the same year.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}} In 2014, it launched a production arm.^[2]

Acquisition by CIH

Early projects for the company include the delivery of its first feature animation project The Tale of Despereaux with Universal; the completion of Europe's first digital intermediate for the film Chicken Run in 2000; contribution of scenes for the 2009 film Avatar, and the completion as a production project of four British feature films which opened in theatres between during 2009 and 2010.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

In November 2016, Framestore agreed to let the Shanghai-based Cultural Investment Holdings Co acquire 75% of it for £112.50 million.^[3] At the time, Framestore had its main base in London Soho, and additional offices in New York, Montreal, and Los Angeles, employing around 1,400 staff. It was also working on projects such as Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, Beauty and the Beast, and Paddington 2.^[4] In April 2017, Framestore opened a third US location, in Chicago, Illinois.^[5]

The company also worked on the 2017 film Darkest Hour directed by Joe Wright, working out of the Montreal facility of Framestore to create historically accurate backdrops for 85 shots in the film, including battle scenes.^[6]

The team created around 300 shots for the 2017 film Blade Runner 2049, with Framestore winning a special visual effects award at the 2018 British Academy Film Awards.^[7]

It also has worked on Black Mirror, creating props such as the 60s-style spaceship in the premiere of the fourth season.^[8]

In its current incarnation, Framestore delivers images for feature films, television drama, advertising, console and online games, internet and mobile phone applications, and at one point has been Europe's largest post-production house.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Accolades

CFC has been awarded two Scientific and Technical Academy Awards, and 14 Primetime Emmys. In 2008, Framestore won their first Oscar for Best Visual Effects for the film The Golden Compass; they also won the BAFTA Award for that film the same year. Framestore was also nominated for Oscars in 2007 (Superman Returns), in 2009 (The Dark Knight) and again in 2010 (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1).{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

In advertising the team has also won major awards including Cannes Lions, British Television Advertising Awards, Clios, D&AD and others.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

The company's R&D team spun off to create the technology company Filmlight, which in 2010 received four Scientific Academy Awards.{{Citation needed|date=February 2018}}

Advertising and trade characters

Framestore has collaborated with companies and advertising agencies to create trade characters, and also created an attempted photorealistic computer-generated Audrey Hepburn for a Galaxy advert. A combination of elements including body doubles, motion capture, FACS and a lighting program called Arnold were used to mimic the appearance of the actress 20 years after her death. The advert drew press attention both for the cutting edge technology utilized and the ethical implications of using a person's likeness posthumously for commercial purposes. ^[11]^[12]^[13]

Film projects

Recent

Past

See also

References

1. ^Rickitt, Richard (2000). Special Effects: The History and Technique. London: Virgin Publishing. {{ISBN|0-8230-7733-0}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2006/film/news/framestore-launches-prod-n-arm-1117939631/|title=Framestore launches prod’n arm|last=Dawtrey|first=Adam|last2=Dawtrey|first2=Adam|date=2006-03-13|website=Variety|language=en|access-date=2019-03-18}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/nov/03/framestore-sale-china-group-harry-potter-paddington-doctor-strange|title=Harry Potter special effects firm looks east with sale to China group|last=Kollewe|first=Julia|date=3 November 2016|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=4 November 2016}}
4. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.cartoonbrew.com/vfx/gravity-dr-strange-vfx-studio-framestore-bought-chinese-firm-144472.html | title = ‘Gravity,’ ‘Dr. Strange’ VFX Studio Framestore Bought by Chinese Firm | last =Failes | first =Ian | date =November 3, 2016 | publisher =CartoonBrew | access-date =November 3, 2016 | quote = }}
5. ^{{cite web | url =http://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/04/27/framestore-opening-third-us-location-chicago | title = Framestore opening third US location in Chicago | last =O'Brien | first =Kyle | date =April 27, 2017 | publisher =TheDrum | access-date =February 28, 2018 | quote = }}
6. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.creativereview.co.uk/how-framestore-recreated-history-in-darkest-hour/ | title = Film Week: How Framestore Recreated History in Darkest Hour | last =Williams | first =Eliza | date =February 2, 2018 | publisher =Creative Review | access-date =February 28, 2018 | quote = }}
7. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.awn.com/news/framestore-celebrates-bafta-vfx-win-blade-runner-2049 | title = Framestore Celebrates BAFTA VFX win for 'Blade Runner 2049' | last =McLean | first =Tom | date =February 20, 2018 | publisher =AWN | access-date =February 28, 2018 | quote = }}
8. ^{{cite web | url =https://www.digitalartsonline.co.uk/news/motion-graphics/how-framestore-created-60s-style-spaceship-in-black-mirror-season-4-episode-1/ | title =How Framestore created the 60s-style spaceship in Black Mirror Season 4, Episode 1 | last =Harris | first =Miriam | date =January 4, 2018 | publisher =Digital Arts Online | access-date =November 3, 2016 | quote = }}
9. ^[https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/film/tim-webber-the-man-who-put-sandra-bullock-in-space-8804917.html "Tim Webber: the man who put Sandra Bullock in space"]. Evening Standard. Retrieved 17 January 2014
10. ^{{cite web|last=Jackson|first=Alex|title=Gravity's Oscar-Winning Visual Effects Mastermind Talks about Computer Graphics and "Weightlessness"|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gravitys-oscar-winning-visual-effects-mastermind-talks-about-computer-graphics-and-weightlessness/|publisher=Nature SoapBox Science|accessdate=9 March 2014}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://arstechnica.com/features/2016/04/how-london-became-the-home-of-hollywood-vfx/|title=From Paintbox to PC: How London became the home of Hollywood VFX|last=Walton|first=Mark|date=2016-04-28|website=Ars Technica|language=en-us|access-date=2019-03-18}}
12. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/the-world-if/2018/07/05/performance-anxiety|title=Performance anxiety|date=2018-07-05|work=The Economist|access-date=2019-03-18|issn=0013-0613}}
13. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/apr/10/bruce-lee-audrey-hepburn-ethics-digital-necromancy|title=Bruce Lee, Audrey Hepburn and the ethics of digital necromancy|last=Ellis-Petersen|first=Hannah|date=2015-04-10|work=The Guardian|access-date=2019-03-18|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.coca-colacompany.com/press-center/press-releases/#TCCC |title=Coca-Cola - Press Center - Press Kits - "Coke Cheers" And Boys & Girls Clubs Of America |publisher=coca-colacompany.com |date= |accessdate=2 October 2012}}