| 词条 | Vicki Draves |
| 释义 |
| name = Vicki Draves | image = Vicki Draves 1948.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Draves in 1948 | fullname = Victoria Manalo Draves[1] | national_team = {{USA}} | sport = Diving |coach = | club = Los Angeles Athletic Club Patterson School of Swimming and Diving[1][1] | birth_date = December 31, 1924 | birth_place = San Francisco, California[1] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2010|04|11|1924|12|31|mf=yes}} | death_place = Palm Springs, California[1] | height = | weight = | medaltemplates ={{MedalCountry | the United States}}{{MedalOlympics}}{{MedalGold | 1948 London | 3 m springboard}}{{MedalGold | 1948 London | 10 m platform}} }}Victoria Manalo Draves (December 31, 1924 – April 11, 2010) was an American competition diver who won gold medals in both platform and springboard diving in the 1948 Summer Olympics in London.[2] Draves became the first woman to be awarded gold medals for both the ten-meter platform and the three-meter springboard.[3] Additionally, Draves became the first American woman to win two gold medals in diving.[4] She was born in San Francisco.[5] Early lifeVictoria Manalo was born in the South-of-Market district of San Francisco to a Filipino chef musician father, Teofilo Manalo, and an English maid mother, Gertrude Taylor. Her parents met and married in San Francisco.[5] She grew up with just her parents, her twin sister Connie, an older sister Frankie, and a younger brother, Sonny, who died as a child. Manalo couldn't afford to take swimming lessons until she was 10 years old and took summer swimming lessons from the Red Cross, paying five cents admission to a pool in the Mission district. Draves was involved in badminton, basketball, and softball in highschool. She graduated from Commerce High School on Van Ness Avenue in 1942 and worked a temporary civil service job in the Army Port Surgeon's office to add to the family’s meager income. Diving careerManalo was introduced to diving at age 16 by Jack Lavery. It was Lavery who introduced her to Phil Patterson, swimming coach of the Fairmont Hotel Swimming and Diving Club. Due to racial discrimination and prejudice for being a Filipino, she changed her name to Vicki Taylor to be accepted in Patterson's school. Patterson's military stint during World War II caused Manalo to stop diving for a year. She instead found a job at the Presidio military base. Manalo later joined the swimming program at the Crystal Plunge in North Beach headed by Charlie Sava and was assigned Jimmy Hughes as her coach. Her 50–100 dives after-school diving practice diving continued even to her enrollment at San Francisco Junior College (now City College of San Francisco). At age 19, Hughes guided her to a third-place finish in her first national AAU diving competition at the Indiana national meet in 1943.[6] At the 1944 national AAU championships, the men’s 1942 platform champion, Sammy Lee (diver), befriended her and introduced her to his coaching friend, Lyle Draves, who ran the swimming and diving program at the prestigious Athens Athletic Club in Oakland. Manalo then started training with Lyle Draves, adding platform diving to her springboard diving repertoire. Lyle Draves left the San Francisco Bay Area for Los Angeles in disgust at the racism in the Fairmont Hotel Swimming and Diving Club.[7] Manalo commuted to Los Angeles, placed second and third at the Outdoor Nationals. In 1945, on the death of her father, she returned to her old job as a secretary in the Army Port Surgeon's office in San Francisco. When the war ended, Manalo finally moved to Southern California for good. She married her coach on July 12, 1946 and won the National Tower Diving Championship(10 meter platform), in 1946, 1947 and 1948. In 1948, she won her first springboard national title. Despite not finishing first in either springboard or platform events of the Olympic trials in Detroit, Draves made the team.[8] Prior to competing in the 1948 Olympics, Draves won a total of five United States diving championships.[9] After her Olympic victory, the Manalo-Draves couple visited the Philippines for the first time upon the invitation from the Manila Jaycees. The 29-day visit to the Philippines had them staying in a Malacañang Palace suite and visiting her father’s relatives in Orani, Bataan, where he was born. She gave platform diving exhibitions at the Rizal Stadium and in other Philippine venues, and in also for Philippine president Elpidio Quirino. Draves appeared in a LIFE magazine layout in 1949, being named one of the magazine's top two U.S. athletes at ’48 Olympics.[8] Draves turned professional after the Olympics, joining Larry Crosby's "Rhapsody in Swimtime" aquatic show for her pro debut at Soldier Field in Chicago in 1948. She also performed in the L.A. Coliseum with headliner Esther Williams and did the General Motors convention in Detroit. Draves, in 1949 and 1950, toured the U.S., Canada, and Europe with Buster Crabbe's "Aqua Parade."[2] After performing regularly in the Coachella Valley's El Mirador Hotel in Palm Springs and at the Shadow Mountain Resort & Club in Palm Desert, Draves retired from diving to have children in southern California. After starting a family in the early 1950s in Glendale, Draves and her husband operated a swimming and diving training program at Indian Springs in Montrose and later moved the program to Encino. They later stayed in Tarzana for 35 years, raising four sons – David, Jeffery, Dale and Kim — to be skilled divers. She later worked as a secretary while her husband remained a coach and swimming director.[10] Later lifeIn the mid-1960s, Draves was an advocate for the Filipino Education Center when the second wave of Filipino immigrants came to America and largely settled in the South of Market district.[11]{{Better source|reason=citation to non-reliable source website |date=June 2017}} In 1968, Draves joined sprinter Jesse Owens, football player Tommy Harmon and race car driver Sam Hanks at the Sands Hotel to help raise $700,000 for the City of Hope.{{fact|date=June 2017}} Draves was inducted into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1969.[12][9] In 2005, Draves was selected for the year's Most Outstanding Alumnus of City College of San Francisco. On May 27, 2005, she received her award and spoke at the commencement ceremonies of City College at the Masonic Auditorium. She received a resounding ovation from the 2000 graduating students in attendance.[13] In the same year, she was acknowledged as one of Los Angeles Athletics Club’s outstanding athletes. In October 2006, a two-acre park (one acre each per gold medal) in San Francisco was named Victoria Manalo Draves Park in her honor. It was on the same site, on Folsom and Sherman streets, where she attended the erstwhile Franklin Elementary School, four blocks aways from where she was born and raised.[6] The married couple moved to Palm Springs, California in the 1995. Draves died on April 11, 2010,[14] aged 85, from pancreatic cancer aggravated by pneumonia.[15] She was interred at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Cathedral City, California.[16] References{{Commons category|Vicki Draves}}1. ^[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/dr/vicki-draves-1.html Vicki Draves]. sports-reference.com {{Footer Olympic Champions Diving Women 3 Metre Springboard}}{{Footer Olympic Champions Diving Women 10 Metre Platform}}2. ^1 {{citation|last=McLellan|first=Dennis|title=Victoria Manalo Draves dies at 85; Olympic gold medal diver|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=April 29, 2010|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-victoria-draves-20100429,0,4537019.story}} 3. ^{{cite book|author=Elliott Robert Barkan|title=Making It in America: A Sourcebook on Eminent Ethnic Americans|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WwwY_eJnodgC&pg=PA100|accessdate=June 21, 2013|date=January 1, 2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-098-7|page=100}} 4. ^{{cite book|author1=Jonathan H. X. Lee|author2=Kathleen M. Nadeau|title=Encyclopedia of Asian American Folklore and Folklife|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9BrfLWdeISoC&pg=PA435|year=2011|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-35066-5|page=435}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author1=Elliott Robert Barkan|author2=Roland L. Guyotte|author3=Barbara M. Posadas|title=Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&pg=PA347|date=November 2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-59884-219-7|pages=347–356|chapter=Filipinos and Filipino Americans, 1870–1940}} 6. ^1 {{citation|last=Rodis|first=Rodel|title=The Olympic triumph of Vicki Manalo Draves|newspaper=The Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=October 16, 2015|url=http://m.inquirer.net/globalnation/129594}} 7. ^She battled bias to become first Filipino to win Olympic gold. Central City Extra (April 2007) p. 4 8. ^1 Victoria "Vicki" Manalo Draves {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106064801/http://www.mastersdiving.org/2010%20photos/Victoria%20Manalo%20Draves.pdf |date=November 6, 2015 }}. mastersdiving.org 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation|last=Litsky|first=Frank|title=Victoria Manalo Draves, Olympic Champion Diver, Dies at 85|newspaper=The New York Times|date=April 29, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/30/sports/olympics/30draves.html?hpw}} 10. ^Victoria Manalo Draves dies at 85; Olympic gold medal diver. Los Angeles Times (August 11, 2012). Retrieved on 2017-09-27. 11. ^Reflections on London 2012. Filipinohome.com. Retrieved on September 27, 2017. 12. ^VICTORIA "VICKI" MANALO DRAVES (USA) 1969 Honor Diver. International Swimming Hall of Fame 13. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20100503005448/http://www.asianweek.com/2010/04/28/the-triumph-of-victoria-manalo-draves/ The Triumph of Victoria Manalo Draves]. Asian Week (April 28, 2010) 14. ^{{citation|last=Smith|first=Terria|title=Olympic diver Victoria Draves dies|newspaper=The Desert Sun|date=April 23, 2010|url=http://www.mydesert.com/article/20100423/NEWS01/4230307/1006/news01/Olympic+diver+Victoria+Draves+dies}} 15. ^Olympic Diver Vicki Draves Dies At 85. International Swimming Hall of Fame 16. ^{{Find a Grave|51525265|Victoria "Vicki" Draves|work=Olympic Athlete|date=April 23, 2010}} Further reading
}}
| last1 = Draves| first1 = Vicki| last2 = Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles.| title = An Olympian's oral history : Vicki Draves, 1948 Olympic Games, diving| date = 1999| publisher = Amateur Athletic Foundation of Los Angeles| location = Los Angeles| url = http://www.worldcat.org/title/olympians-oral-history-vicki-draves-1948-olympic-games-diving/oclc/45944250 }}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Draves, Vicki}} 18 : 1924 births|2010 deaths|American people of English descent|American sportspeople of Filipino descent|American women of Filipino descent|Burials at Forest Lawn Cemetery (Cathedral City)|Deaths from cancer in California|Deaths from pancreatic cancer|Deaths from pneumonia|Divers at the 1948 Summer Olympics|American female divers|Olympic divers of the United States|Olympic gold medalists for the United States in diving|Sportspeople from San Francisco|Twin people from the United States|Twin sportspeople|International Swimming Hall of Fame inductees|Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics |
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