| 词条 | Vijlen |
| 释义 |
| name = Vijlen | settlement_type = Village | image_skyline = Vijlen.jpg | image_caption = Het Zuid-Limburgse dorpje Vijlen in 2005 | coordinates = {{coord|50|47|23|N|5|57|47|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Netherlands | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Limburg | subdivision_type2 = Municipality | subdivision_name2 = Vaals | established_title = Established | established_date = | elevation_m = 200 | population = 1,500 }} Vijlen ({{lang-li|Viele}}) is a village in the South-East part of the Dutch province of Limburg. The village is constituted of a number of hamlets, among which Mamelis, Camerig, Harles and Cottessen. Including these hamlets, Vijlen has around 1,500 inhabitants (in 2005) and is part of the municipality of Vaals. Located at 200 meters above Normaal Amsterdams Peil, on top of the Vijlenerberg (Vijlener hill), it is the highest situated town in the Netherlands. The neo-gothic and Catholic St. Martinus church, which is located in the center of the village, is known as the highest located church in the country. {{stack|}}The area around the village is well known for its natural environment and landscapes.{{fact|date=May 2017}} The 'Mergelland Route', a touristic route through the South-Limburg area, leads through the village and its surroundings. With lodging and camping facilities available, tourism related business is a key source of income for the village.{{fact|date=May 2017}} HistoryThe origin of the village is most likely Roman. The name Vijlen is generally believed to be derived from the Roman word 'villa' or 'villare' (farm estate or 'belonging to a farm estate'). Remains of a Roman villa have been found close to the village. The earliest known documentation on the village originates from 1016. Documentation of a gift to the abbey of Aachen-Burtscheidt in that year mentions property in Villiam (Uilliam). In the adjoining forest, the 'Vijlener bos', evidence of much earlier human activity in the area has been found. Communal graves from the Linear Pottery culture have been recovered, and indicate human settlements in the area around 5000 years ago.[1] By 1877, the cement industry settled in the small village. A factory was built on top of the Vijlenerberg (the hill on which the village lies) and made a natural cement out of local limestone. A second factory was built in 1899, lower on the hill, but went bankrupt soon after. A new owner was able to get the new factory running again and made good profits during World War I, when cement became scarce. Both factories had underground tunnels, originally for underground mining purposes and later to connect open air quarries to the factory buildings. A long 2 meter high and no more than 1.7 meter broad tunnel under the Vijlenerberg connected the new factory to its quarry. In the 1920s, strong competition in the cement branch and the remote location, far from any railway, eventually caused factories to close. References1. ^" Op ontdekkingstocht door Zuid Limburg". Reisgids en naslagwerk voor toeristen en bewoners. Uitgeverij Filatop (streekreeks nr. 3) {{ISBN|90-803027-6-7}} uitgave 2003 External links
2 : Populated places in Limburg (Netherlands)|Vaals |
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