| 词条 | Vincent Dole |
| 释义 |
Vincent Dole (18 May 1913 in Chicago – 1 August 2006) was an American doctor, who, along with his wife Dr Marie Nyswander (died 1986), developed the use of methadone to treat heroin addiction.[1] Dole and Nyswander, in establishing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), improved treatment options in addiction medicine which for a century had been based on the conventional view (circa 1965) that narcotic addiction was the result of an intractable moral defect. His work resulted in the partial re-legalization of opioid maintenance in the United States. For this contribution he was a recipient of the Lasker Award for Medicine. Heroin treatmentSupreme court interpretations of the 1914 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act had criminalized opioid dependency as well as the use of any opioid "for the sole purpose of maintenance." The criminalization and stigmatization of dependent individuals also influenced medical practice. Physicians and pharmacists, who risked being investigated by the Treasury Department officials that monitored their prescriptions, were wary of placing many patients on maintenance. Medical schools provided almost no instruction on addiction.[1] Dole's patients not only largely stopped heroin use, they expressed an interest in family, friends, work, and becoming fully engaged members of society once more. Though psychiatrists were available counseling was not mandatory. Dole found that the shift of priorities from daily drug-cravings and the endless quest to keep the abstinence syndrome at bay restored to these individuals an inherent sense of self-worth; they resumed family responsibilities as well as employment. The doctors noted that although methadone satisfied the physical cravings of heroin addiction, patients soon became completely tolerant to its effects. Patients would remain "dependent" on methadone but could otherwise live normally.[2] [3]DeathDole died on 1 August 2006 at the age of 93, from complications of a ruptured aorta, and was survived by his third wife Margaret Cool, his three children from his first marriage, and four step children.[4] References1. ^“The Opium Problem and the Clinician’s Dilemma,” Caroline Acker, Creating the American Junkie: Addiction Research in the Classic Era of Narcotic Control (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002), Kindle e-book. 2. ^{{cite journal | author = Dole Vincent P., Nyswander Marie | year = 1965 | title = A Medical Treatment for Diacetylmorphine (Heroin) Addiction: A Clinical Trial With Methadone Hydrochloride | doi = 10.1001/jama.1965.03090080008002 | journal = Journal of the American Medical Association | volume = 193| issue = 8| pages = 80–84 }} 3. ^{{cite journal | author = Joseph, Herman, Woods, Joycelyn. In the Service of Patients: The Legacy of Dr. Dole. | year = 2006 | title = In the Service of Patients: The Legacy of Dr. Dole | doi = | journal = HARCP | volume = 8 | issue = 4 | pages = 9–28 }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Oranksy|first1=Ivan|title=Vincent Dole|journal=The Lancet|date=16 September 2016|volume=368|issue=9540|page=984|url=http://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(06)69402-6.pdf|accessdate=4 August 2017|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69402-6}} External links
10 : 1913 births|2006 deaths|Stanford University alumni|Harvard Medical School alumni|American psychiatrists|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|People from Chicago|United States Navy officers|American naval personnel of World War II|Recipients of the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award |
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