| 词条 | Violant of Hungary |
| 释义 |
|consort = yes | name =Violant of Hungary | title =Queen consort of Aragon | image =Gegantsbcn.JPG | caption = | reign =1235–1251 | coronation = | spouse =James I of Aragon | issue =Yolanda, Queen of Castile Constance, Infanta of Castile Peter III of Aragon James II of Majorca Isabella, Queen of France | house =Árpád | father =Andrew II of Hungary | mother =Yolanda de Courtenay | birth_date = {{circa|1215}} | birth_place = | death_date = {{circa|1251}} (aged 36)? | death_place = | place of burial = Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona, province of Lleida | religion = Roman Catholicism }} Violant of Hungary (c. 1215 – c. 1251) was a Queen consort of Aragon and the second wife of King James I of Aragon. She is also called Jolán in Hungarian, Iolanda or Violant d'Hongria in Catalan and Yolanda or Violante de Hungría in Spanish. FamilyViolant was born at Esztergom circa 1215, the only child of King Andrew II of Hungary and his second wife Yolanda of Courtenay.[1] MarriageViolant married James in 1235. James had already been married to Eleanor of Castile, but he had this marriage annulled on the basis of consanguinity in 1229. He and Eleanor had a son named Alfonso, who was considered legitimate, but who died prior to his father. James and Violant had ten children:
Violant was the grandmother of King Philip IV of France and Charles, Count of Valois through her daughter Isabella. Charles was the father of Philip VI of France. Public ActivityViolant was a woman of talent and character. Next to James I, she had an important political role in the Crown of Aragon. She was one of the most valuable advisors of the king, on whom she had a strong influence. She intervened decisively in international agreements as important as the Treaty of Almizra with Castile (1244). It was signed with the condition that Zayyan ibn Mardanish surrender of the city of Valencia, into which she triumphantly entered with her husband on 9 October 1238. Death and burialViolant reportedly died in 1251,[4] although there is some doubt about the exact year. Jerónimo Zurita, in his Anales de Aragon, mentions this discrepancy, and writes that while some annals state that Violant died in Santa María de Salas in 1251, others report that she lived for a few years after (the probable sources of the 1253 date), and that she only made her will and testament in Huesca in 1251.[5] Zurita continues that her will stipulated her burial at Vallbona, bequeathed the county of Posana (Pozsony) to her sons Peter, James, and Sancho (Pozsony being in the possession of her half-brother Béla IV of Hungary, but apparently left to her by her mother Queen Yolanda), and mentioned that she had 5 daughters with the king. Violant and her daughter Sancha's remains are at the Monastery of Santa Maria de Vallbona in Vallbona de les Monges, Catalonia. Violant chose burial in that monastery as she was a benefactor. Her tomb, placed along the wall on the right of the chancel, is fairly simple. It is raised on two pillars decorated with individual gold crosses inscribed in red (gules) circles, and has a gabled lid of white stone. In the center of the lid is a cross with the same characteristics as those on the pillars, but larger and without color. The only ornamentations on the box itself are three depictions of her husband's royal coat of arms - one on the visible side and one at each end. The Queen's remains were moved to the tomb in 1275, as indicated by the inscription on the visible side of the box: Fuit translata donna | Violán regina | Aragonum | anno 1275. In 2002, the Hungarian government financed a restoration of her tomb, costing 12,000 euros, but the monastic community denied permission to study its interior. Violant is the only member of the Árpád dynasty whose remains are undisturbed. James I remarried one more time, to Teresa Gil de Vidaure, who was previously his mistress. Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1 = 1. Violant of Hungary |2 = 2. Andrew II of Hungary |3 = 3. Yolanda de Courtenay |4 = 4. Béla III of Hungary |5 = 5. Agnes of Antioch |6 = 6. Peter II of Courtenay |7 = 7. Yolanda of Flanders |8 = 8. Géza II of Hungary |9 = 9. Euphrosyne of Kiev |10 = 10. Raynald of Châtillon |11 = 11. Constance of Antioch |12 = 12. Peter I of Courtenay |13 = 13. Elizabeth de Courtenay |14 = 14. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut |15 = 15. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders |16 = 16. Béla II of Hungary |17 = 17. Helena of Raška |18 = 18. Mstislav I of Kiev |19 = 19. Liubava Dmitrievna |20 = 20. Henri of Châtillon |21 = 21. Ermengarde de Montjay |22 = 22. Bohemund II of Antioch |23 = 23. Alice, princess of Jerusalem |24 = 24. Louis VI of France |25 = 25. Adélaide de Maurienne |26 = 26. Renaud de Courtenay |27 = 27. Hawise du Donjon |28 = 28. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut |29 = 29. Alice of Namur |30 = 30. Thierry, Count of Flanders |31 = 31. Sibylla of Anjou }} PosteritySince the nineteenth century, streets have been dedicated to Violant in Barcelona, Zaragoza, and other cities in the counties and kingdoms of the former Crown of Aragon. The 9 October is the national day of the Valencian community, which commemorates the Christian reconquest and the day on which James I and Violant entered the city. The celebration is known as the Mocadorada of Sant Dionís, since 9 October is the feast day of Saint Denis of Paris. Men typically give their partners a scarf (mocador) containing candied fruits and vegetables made of marzipan; these candies represent the fruits and vegetables that Valencian Muslims offered James and Violant when they entered the city, according to legend. References{{commons category|Violant of Hungary}}1. ^Reassessing the Roles of Women as 'Makers' of Medieval Art and Architecture, ed. Theresa Martin, (Brill, 2012), 1089. {{S-start}}{{s-hou|House of Árpád|circa|1215|12 October|1251}}{{S-roy}}{{S-bef|before=Eleanor of Castile}}{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Aragon|years=1235–1253}}{{S-aft|after=Constance of Sicily}}2. ^Ricardo del Arco y Garay: Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Aragón{{Incomplete short citation|date=March 2014}} 3. ^Ximénez de Embún y Val, Tomás. (1876). Historia de la Corona de Aragón: (le más antigua de que se tiene noticia) conocida generalmente con el nombre de Crónica de San Juan de la Peña: Part aragonesa. http://bib.cervantesvirtual.com/FinchaObra.html?Ref=12477{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. p.148-149. Accessed on 14 April 2014 (in Spanish) 4. ^Thalamus de Montpellier{{Incomplete short citation|date=March 2014}} 5. ^ Zurita, Jerónimo. Anales de Aragon. |-{{s-new|rows=2}}{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Majorca|years=1235–1253}}{{S-aft|after=Esclaramunda of Foix}} |-{{S-ttl|title=Queen consort of Valencia|years=1238–1253}}{{S-aft|after=Constance of Sicily}} |-{{S-end}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Violant of Hungary}} 19 : 1215 births|1253 deaths|13th-century Hungarian people|13th-century Spanish people|13th-century Hungarian women|13th-century Spanish women|Hungarian princesses|Aragonese queen consorts|Majorcan queens consort|Consorts of Montpellier|Countesses of Barcelona|House of Árpád|Hungarian people of French descent|Hungarian people of Belgian descent|Hungarian emigrants to Spain|Spanish people of Serbian descent|Spanish people of French descent|Spanish people of Belgian descent|People from Esztergom |
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