| 词条 | Virginia E. Johnson |
| 释义 |
| name = Virginia E. Johnson | image = | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Mary Virginia Eshelman | birth_date = {{Birth date|1925|2|11}} | birth_place = Springfield, Missouri, United States | death_date = {{Death date and age|2013|07|24|1925|2|11}} | death_place = St. Louis, Missouri, United States | other_names = Virginia Gibson | education = Drury College University of Missouri Kansas City Conservatory of Music Washington University in St. Louis | known_for = Masters and Johnson human sexuality research team | occupation = Sexologist | spouse = Two brief early marriages, followed by George Johnson (1950–1956) William H. Masters (1971–1993) | children = 2 }} Virginia E. Johnson, born Mary Virginia Eshelman[1] (February 11, 1925 – July 24, 2013),[2] was an American sexologist, best known as a member of the Masters and Johnson sexuality research team.[3] Along with William H. Masters, she pioneered research into the nature of human sexual response and the diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunctions and disorders from 1957 until the 1990s. Early lifeVirginia Johnson was born in Springfield, Missouri, the daughter of Edna (née Evans) and Hershel "Harry" Eshelman, a farmer.[2][4] Her paternal grandparents were members of the LDS Church, and her father had Hessian ancestry.[4] When she was five, her family moved to Palo Alto, California, where her father worked as a groundskeeper for a hospital. The family later returned to Missouri and farming.[2] Virginia enrolled at her hometown's Drury College at age 16, but dropped out and spent four years working in the Missouri state insurance office.[2] She eventually returned to school, studying at the University of Missouri and the Kansas City Conservatory of Music, and during World War II began a music career as a band singer.[2] She sang country music for radio station KWTO in Springfield, where she adopted the stage name Virginia Gibson.[1] Johnson moved to St. Louis, Missouri, where she became a business writer for the St. Louis Daily Record.[2] Eschewing a singing career, Johnson enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis, intending to earn a degree in sociology[2] but never attaining one.[5] Sexological works{{main|Masters and Johnson}}Johnson met William H. Masters in 1957 when he hired her as a research assistant at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Washington University in St. Louis. Masters trained her in medical terminology, therapy, and research during the years she worked as his assistant.[5] Together they developed polygraph-like instruments that were designed to measure sexual arousal in humans. Using these tools, Masters and Johnson observed and measured about 700 men and women who agreed to engage in sexual activity with other participants or masturbate in Masters' laboratory.[6] By observing these subjects, Johnson helped Masters identify the four stages of sexual response. This came to be known as the human sexual response cycle. The cycle consists of the excitement phase, plateau phase, orgasmic phase, and resolution phase.[7] In 1964, Masters and Johnson established their own independent nonprofit research institution in St. Louis called the Reproductive Biology Research Foundation. The center was renamed the Masters and Johnson Institute in 1978. In April 2009, Thomas Maier reported in Scientific American that Johnson had serious reservations about the Masters and Johnson Institute's program to convert homosexuals into heterosexuals,[8] a program which ran from 1968 to 1977.[9][10] Personal lifeBy her early 20s,[2] Johnson had married a Missouri politician; the marriage lasted two days.[1] She then married a much older attorney, whom she also divorced.[1] In 1950, Johnson married bandleader George Johnson, with whom she had a boy and a girl, before divorcing in 1956.[1][2] In 1971, Johnson married William Masters after he divorced his first wife. They were divorced in 1993, though they continued to collaborate professionally.[2] Johnson died in July 2013 "of complications from several illnesses".[11][12] Masters, who married again after his divorce from Johnson,[1] died in 2001.[13] In popular cultureThe American cable network Showtime debuted Masters of Sex, a dramatic television series based on the 2009 biography of the same name, on September 29, 2013. The series stars Lizzy Caplan as Johnson. References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/26/us/virginia-johnson-masterss-collaborator-in-sex-research-dies-at-88.html?pagewanted=all | title = Virginia Johnson, Widely Published Collaborator in Sex Research, Dies at 88 | work = The New York Times | first= Margalit | last= Fox |date= July 25, 2013 | accessdate = October 11, 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news | title = Virginia Johnson Obituary | url = https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/jul/28/virginia-johnson | first=Suzie | last = Hayman | work = The Guardian | location = UK | date = July 28, 2013 | accessdate= October 11, 2013}} 3. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/27/archives/craftsmen-of-sexuality-william-h-masters-virginia-e-johnson.html |title=Craftsmen of Sexuality |last=Masters |first=William H. |date=1970-04-27 |work=The New York Times |last2=Johnson |first2=Virginia E.}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | title=Masters of Sex: The Life and Times of William Masters and Virginia Johnson, the Couple Who Taught America How to Love | first=Thomas | last=Maier | year = 2010 | publisher = ReadHowYouWant | isbn= 978-1458767516 | pages=7, 8, 650 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=iVlKkabgfEUC&pg=PA8 }} 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=Virginia Johnson|url=http://missouriwomen.org/category/women/virginia-johnson/| publisher =Missouri Women}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Masters and Johnson|url=http://health.howstuffworks.com/sexual-health/sexuality/masters-and-johnson-dictionary.htm|work=Discovery Health|publisher=Sinclair Intimacy Institute|date=2010-08-26}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Four Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle|url=https://www.boundless.com/psychology/gender-development-and-sexuality/physiology-sex/four-stages-sexual-response-cycle/|work=Boundless|access-date=2013-04-29|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130628193917/https://www.boundless.com/psychology/gender-development-and-sexuality/physiology-sex/four-stages-sexual-response-cycle/|archive-date=2013-06-28|dead-url=yes|df=}} 8. ^Maier, Thomas (April 22, 2009). "Can Psychiatrists Really 'Cure' Homosexuality?{{spaced ndash}} Masters and Johnson Claimed to Convert Gays to Heterosexuality in a 1979 Book. But Did They?". Scientific American. Retrieved August 10, 2013. 9. ^{{cite book | author = Masters, William H.; Johnson, Virginia E. |title = Homosexuality in Perspective |year = 1982 | origyear = first published 1979 |publisher = Bantam Books |location = Toronto; New York |isbn = 978-0-553-20809-2}} 10. ^{{cite journal | last=Schwartz | first=MF |author2=Masters, WH | title=The Masters and Johnson treatment program for dissatisfied homosexual men | journal=American Journal of Psychiatry | volume=141 | pages=173–181 | url=http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/abstract/141/2/173 | pmid=6691475 | issue=2 | date=February 1, 1984| doi=10.1176/ajp.141.2.173 }} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/us/article/Virginia-Johnson-renowned-sex-researcher-dies-4686383.php |title=Virginia Johnson, renowned sex researcher, dies |accessdate=2013-07-25 |deadurl=yes |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725230317/http://www.seattlepi.com/news/us/article/Virginia-Johnson-renowned-sex-researcher-dies-4686383.php |archive-date=2013-07-25 |df= }}. Seattle Post-Intelligencer. 12. ^{{cite web | author= Sorkin, Michael D. | url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/obituaries/virginia-johnson-masters-dies-at-famed-researcher-helped-debunk-sexual/article_7e76f330-e148-5cea-bae0-af9d51f99310.html |title=Virginia Johnson Masters Dies at 88; Famed Researcher Helped Debunk Sexual Myths | work = St. Louis Post-Dispatch |date=July 25, 2013 | accessdate = August 10, 2013}} 13. ^{{cite news |first=Richard |last=Severo |title=William H. Masters, a Pioneer in Studying and Demystifying Sex, Dies at 85 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E2DB1E30F93AA25751C0A9679C8B63 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120527092010/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F07E2DB1E30F93AA25751C0A9679C8B63 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=May 27, 2012 |quote=Dr. William H. Masters, who with his co-researcher, Virginia E. Johnson, revolutionized the way sex is studied, taught and enjoyed in America, died Friday at a hospice in Tucson. He was 85 and had lived in retirement since 1994, first in St. Louis and then in Tucson. He suffered complications from Parkinson's disease, said his wife, Geraldine Baker Oliver Masters. |work=The New York Times |date=February 19, 2001 |accessdate=July 24, 2008 }} External links
23 : American women social scientists|American sexologists|20th-century American educators|20th-century women scientists|Sex educators|21st-century American non-fiction writers|21st-century American women writers|20th-century American writers|20th-century American women writers|21st-century educators|American relationships and sexuality writers|Writers from Springfield, Missouri|Writers from St. Louis|Drury University alumni|University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni|Washington University in St. Louis alumni|Washington University in St. Louis faculty|American founders|Women founders|American people of German descent|1925 births|2013 deaths|American women non-fiction writers |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。