| 词条 | Virginia's 3rd congressional district | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|state = Virginia |district number = 3 |image name = Virginia_US_Congressional_District_3_(since_2016).png |image width = 400 |image caption = New boundaries of Virginia's 3rd congressional district since January 3, 2017. |representative = Robert C. Scott |party = Democratic |residence = Newport News |english area = |metric area = |percent urban = 95.01[1] |percent rural = 4.99 |population = 739,169[2] |population year = 2016 |median income = $52,797[3] |percent white = 45.12 |percent black = 45.85 |percent asian = 2.61 |percent native american = 0.2 |percent hispanic = 6.31 |percent other race = |percent blue collar = |percent white collar = |percent gray collar = |cpvi = D+16[4] }} Virginia's third congressional district is a United States congressional district in the Commonwealth of Virginia, serving the independent cities of Franklin, Newport News, and Portsmouth, parts of the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Norfolk, and Suffolk, and all of the county of Isle of Wight. The current representative is Robert C. Scott (D). 2016 redistrictingThe Virginia Legislature's 2012 redistricting was found unconstitutional and replaced with a court-ordered redistricting on January 16, 2016 for the 2016 elections.[5][6][7][8][9] One reason for the redistricting is the racial gerrymandering.[10][11] From 1993 to 2016, the 3rd had covered most of the majority-black precincts in and around Hampton Roads and Richmond. The court-drawn map shifted the area near Richmond to the 4th District. The dispute over the district borders went to the U.S. Supreme Court in Wittman v. Personhuballah. Recent election results from statewide races
Historical composition of the districtIn 1788 Virginia's 3rd Congressional District consisted of all of modern Virginia including and west of the counties of Carroll, Floyd, Roanoke, Botetourt, Augusta and Rockingham. It also included what is today Pendleton County, West Virginia and also about the southern third of West Virginia which in 1788 was all Greenbrier County. This area that is today about 48 counties and 13 independent cities was in 1788 only nine counties.[14] In the 1790 census this area had a population of 66,045.[15] For the 1792 congressional elections the number of congressional districts in Virginia rose from 10 to 19. The only county that remained in the third district was Pendleton County. Harrison, Randolph, Hardy, Hampshire, Monongalia and Ohio Counties, all now in West Virginia were also in the district.[16] This was all of northern West Virginia except the far eastern panhandle area. The new district's 1790 population was 30,145.[17] The 1800 Census lead to another increase in Virginia's congressional districts in 1802. The third district was again moved, this time to what was then Frederick and Shenandoah Counties in Virginia, which besides those counties also included the modern counties of Clarke, Warren and part of Page.[18] The new 3rd district had a population of 38,767 in 1800.[19] For most of the time from the end of the Civil War to 1993, the 3rd District was a relatively compact district centered on Richmond. The district's current configuration dates to 1993, when the Justice Department ordered Virginia to create a majority-minority district. At that time, portions of the old 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th districts were combined to create a new 3rd District. As of 2016, the 3rd district has been ruled unconstitutional. The new map gave the 3rd a slight plurality of blacks.[20][21] List of members representing the district
Election results
Historical district boundaries{{clear}}See also{{portal|United States|Virginia}}
Sources1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/cd_state.html|title=Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)|first=US Census Bureau|last=Geography|date=|website=www.census.gov|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=51&cd=03|title=My Congressional District|first=Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census|last=Bureau|date=|website=www.census.gov|accessdate=9 April 2018}} 3. ^https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=51&cd=03 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://cookpolitical.com/file/Arranged_by_State_District.pdf|title=Partisan Voting Index – Districts of the 115th Congress|publisher=The Cook Political Report|date=April 7, 2017|accessdate=April 7, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://redistricting.dls.virginia.gov/2010/court-ordered-redistricting.aspx |title=Court Ordered Redistricting |publisher=Redistricting.dls.virginia.gov |date=2015-09-03 |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 6. ^http://redistricting.dls.virginia.gov/2010/Data/Court%20Ordered%20Redistricting/2016%2001%2007%20Personnhuballah%20v%20Alcorn%20Civil%20Action%20No.%203-13cv678.pdf 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://thehill.com/regulation/court-battles/273764-supreme-court-weighs-legality-of-virginia-redistricting |title=Supreme Court weighs legality of Virginia redistricting |work=The Hill |date= |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 8. ^{{cite web|author=Lydia Wheeler |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/supreme_court_allows_virginia_redistricting_to_stand_in_2016-245689-1.html |title=Supreme Court Allows Virginia Redistricting to Stand in 2016 |publisher=Rollcall.com |date=2016-02-01 |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 9. ^{{cite web|author=Andrew Cain |work=Richmond Times-Dispatch |url=http://www.richmond.com/news/virginia/government-politics/article_0ad5053b-6818-5d7e-b96e-c9ce02ad45cb.html |title=Judges impose new Va. congressional map, redrawing 3rd, 4th Districts | Virginia Politics |date=2016-01-07 |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 10. ^{{cite web|last=Weiner |first=Rachel |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/virginia-politics/court-throws-out-virginia-congressional-map/2014/10/07/97fb866a-4e56-11e4-8c24-487e92bc997b_story.html |title=Court declares Virginia’s congressional map unconstitutional |work=The Washington Post |date=2014-10-07 |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Farnsworth |first=Stephen J. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/11/05/the-2015-election-in-virginia-a-tribute-to-gerrymandering/ |title=The 2015 election in Virginia: A tribute to gerrymandering |work=The Washington Post |date=2015-11-05 |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://results.elections.virginia.gov/vaelections/2016%20November%20General/Site/Presidential.html|title=2016 November General President|access-date=November 26, 2016}} 13. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.vpap.org/visuals/visual/2017-governor-results-congress-district-1/|title=2017 Governor's Election Results by Congressional District|website=The Virginia Public Access Project|language=en|access-date=2018-06-16}} 14. ^Parsons, Stanley B, William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts 1788-1841. (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 29 15. ^Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 28 16. ^Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 71 17. ^Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 70 18. ^Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 129 19. ^Parsons. Congressional Districts. p. 128 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dailypress.com/news/politics/dp-nws-redistricting-20160107-story.html |title=Virginia Politics: Court orders redistricting |publisher=Daily Press |date= |accessdate=2017-05-06}} 21. ^{{cite web|author=By $${element.Contributor} |url=http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/judges-select-new-virginia-congressional-map |title=Judges Select New Virginia Congressional Map |publisher=Rollcall.com |date=2016-01-07 |accessdate=2017-05-06}}
7 : Congressional districts of Virginia|Constituencies established in 1789|1789 establishments in Virginia|Constituencies disestablished in 1933|1933 disestablishments in Virginia|Constituencies established in 1935|1935 establishments in Virginia |
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