| 词条 | Virginia Thomas |
| 释义 |
|name = Ginni Thomas |image = Ginni Thomas.jpg |birth_name = Virginia Lamp |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1957|2|23}} |birth_place = Omaha, Nebraska, U.S. |occupation = Attorney, public-policy analyst, political activist, lobbyist |spouse = {{marriage|Clarence Thomas|1987}} |education = University of Nebraska, Lincoln Creighton University (BA, JD) |party = Republican |employer = The Daily Caller Heritage Foundation Liberty Central }} Virginia "Ginni" Lamp Thomas (born February 23, 1957), an American attorney and lobbyist, founded Liberty Consulting. She had previously founded the conservative advocacy group Liberty Central, and served as its president until its merger with the Patrick Henry Center for Individual Liberty.[1] She writes columns for The Daily Caller and previously worked at The Heritage Foundation. She is the wife of U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas. Her lobbying activities have occasionally been raised as a potential source of conflict of interest for her husband.[2][3] Early life and educationThomas grew up in Omaha, Nebraska, the youngest of four children born to Donald Lamp, a successful engineer who owned his own firm, and Marjorie Lamp, a stay-at-home mother.[4][5][6] Her parents were Republicans.[5] Thomas attended Westside High School in Omaha, where she was a member of the student government, the debate club, and the Republican club.[5] While she was still in high school, her ambition was to be a member of Congress.[6] She enrolled in a woman's college in Virginia because of its proximity to Washington, D.C., subsequently transferred to the University of Nebraska, and then to Creighton University to be closer to a boyfriend.[6] She received a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Business Communication from Creighton University (1979) and a Juris Doctor from Creighton University School of Law (1983), after a hiatus working as a legislative aide for Congressman Hal Daub.[5][6][7] Career1981–1995When Congressman Daub took office in 1981, Thomas moved to Washington, D.C., and worked in his office for 18 months.[4][5][6] After completing her degree at Creighton University School of Law (1983), she worked one more year for Daub in Washington as his Legislative Director.[6] From 1985 to 1989, she was employed as an attorney and labor relations specialist at the United States Chamber of Commerce,[5][8][9] attending congressional hearings where she lobbied on behalf of the interests of the business community.[5] Her advocacy included arguing against the passage of the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which requires larger employers to provide temporary unpaid leave to employees to care for a new child or during a serious personal or family illness.[10] In 1989, she became Manager of Employee Relations at the Chamber of Commerce.[11] 1991–2009In 1991, Thomas returned to government service in the Legislative Affairs Office of the United States Department of Labor,[12][13][14] where she argued against comparable-worth legislation that would have mandated equal pay for women and men in jobs deemed to be comparable.[15][16] That year, her husband, Clarence Thomas was nominated by President George H. W. Bush to fill the open seat on the U.S. Supreme Court left by the retirement of Justice Thurgood Marshall.[17] She attended the contentious Senate confirmation hearings and stood by her husband as he was accused of sexual harassment.[18] During the confirmation hearings, several Democratic Senators claimed that her job with the Labor Department might create a conflict of interest for her husband if he was seated on the Supreme Court.[19] After her husband was narrowly confirmed by a majority vote of 52 to 48,[20] Mrs. Thomas described the televised scrutiny and confirmation process as a "trial by fire".[21][22] Her next job was as a Policy Analyst for Congressman Dick Armey, who was then the Republican House Conference Chairman. In 1994, {{clarify|text=conflict of interest was raised again|reason=What was the conflict about and what was the result? Was it resolved? | date = January 2019}} while Thomas was working for Armey.[23][24] By 2000, she was working for the Heritage Foundation. Conflict of interest was raised yet again because she was collecting résumés for potential Presidential appointments in the George W. Bush Administration when the Supreme Court was deciding Bush v. Gore.[25][26] She continued to work at the Heritage Foundation during the administration of George W. Bush, serving as the White House Liaison for the think tank.[27] She serves on the Alumni Advisory Board of her alma mater, Creighton University School of Law.[7] 2009–presentIn late 2009, Thomas started a nonprofit lobbying group, Liberty Central, to organize conservative activists, issue score cards for Congress members, and be involved in elections.[28] The group is aimed at opposing what Thomas has called the leftist "tyranny" of President Barack Obama and Congressional Democrats and "protecting the core founding principles" of the nation.[29] Thomas was interviewed by Sean Hannity on his Fox News show Hannity in June 2010. When asked about potential conflicts between her Liberty Central activities and her husband's position, Thomas replied, "there's a lot of judicial wives and husbands out there causing trouble. I'm just one of many."[30] In February 2011, Politico reported that Thomas was the head of a new company, Liberty Consulting, which filed incorporation papers in mid-November 2010. The company's website states that clients can use Thomas's "experience and connections" to help "with "governmental affairs efforts" and political donation strategies.[31] The Washington Post described Liberty Consulting as "a one-woman shop" where Thomas advised political donors how to direct funds in the post-Citizens United landscape.[32] In July 2013, Thomas was identified as a key member of Groundswell, a coalition of right wing activists and journalists attempting to make political change behind the scenes through lobbying of high-level contacts.[33] During the 2016 Republican primaries, she endorsed Ted Cruz.[32] After he dropped out, she supported Donald Trump.[32] Thomas serves on the Advisory Council of the organizationTurning Point.[34][35] Thomas has stirred controversy due to her inflammatory political rhetoric and promotion of conspiracy theories. In 2018, she shared Facebook posts that characterized California as a war zone, alleged voter fraud by Democrats in four elections, described the teenage survivors of the Parkland shooting "dangerous to the survival of our nation" (because they advocated for gun control) and baselessly accused President Obama and Hillary Clinton of being involved in wiretapping then-candidate Donald Trump. In 2017, she held a speech saying the left wants "to extinguish our rights," that the left "moves its forces across our country," and that the NFL was "mainstreaming anti-Americanism" because some NFL players kneeled during the national anthem to protest police brutality and racial discrimination. She harshly criticized Paul Ryan and Mitch McConnell as "useful idiots" for "LiberalFascists" because they did not condemn violence on the left during the violent white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017. She has made videos for the Daily Caller where she wondered whether "cultural Marxists have already won in our country."[32] Personal lifeVirginia and Clarence Thomas married in 1987.[36] They live in Virginia.[37] Thomas converted from Protestantism to the Catholic faith in 2002. She was inspired by her husband's devotion of praying the Litany of Humility and participating in the Mass. She credits Justice Antonin Scalia, and his wife Maureen, for their love, praying Clarence Thomas back into the Church.[38] On October 9, 2010, Thomas left a voicemail message for Anita Hill, whose accusations of sexual harassment complicated her husband's Senate confirmation hearings 19 years earlier.[39][40] In the voicemail, Thomas said that Hill should apologize to Thomas's husband. Hill responded that she believed there was nothing to apologize for and said that her 1991 testimony about her interactions with Clarence Thomas was truthful.[39] A couple of months later, Virginia Thomas said that the message to Anita Hill "was probably a mistake" and from her point of view, "a private matter".[41] LifespringIn the 1980s, while a congressional aide, Thomas took training with the self-awareness program Lifespring.[42] In 1987, she related to The Washington Post that, during her training several years earlier, she had been "confused and troubled" by lessons such as one where trainees were told to disrobe to bikinis and bathing suits then "made fun of fat people's bodies and riddled one another with sexual questions".[42] After realizing that membership in her Lifespring group was separating her from her family, friends, and co-workers, Thomas began what proved to be a difficult and months-long process of breaking away.[42] At one point, she hid in another part of the U.S. to avoid a constant barrage of high-pressure phone calls from Lifespring members, who felt they had a duty to keep her in the organization.[5][42][43][44] Thomas ultimately came to believe that Lifespring was a cult.[5] After leaving the group in 1985, she sought counseling and joined the Cult Awareness Network.[5][45] She became a critic of controversial religious groups, speaking on panels and organizing anti-cult workshops for Congressional staffers in 1986 and 1988.[46] In a 1991 interview, Thomas remarked, "I was once in a group that used mind control techniques"; and she called its members "pretty scary people."[47] References1. ^{{cite news|url= http://www.libertycentral.org/inspired-feature/liberty-central-patrick-henry-center-join-forces/|title= Liberty Central, Patrick Henry Center Join Forces|publisher= Liberty Central|date= December 3, 2010}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/26/us/politics/trump-ginni-thomas-meeting.html|title=Trump Meets With Hard-Right Group Led by Ginni Thomas|publisher=The New York Times|date=January 26, 2019|accessdate=January 27, 2019|first1=Maggie|last1=Haberman|first2=Annie|last2=Karni}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/09/us/politics/09thomas.html|title=Activism of Thomas’s Wife Could Raise Judicial Issues|publisher=The New York Times|date=August 9, 2010|first1=Jackie|last1=Calmes|accessdate=January 27, 2019}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-10-13/news/mn-1053_1_clarence-thomas|title=Virginia Thomas: A Wife Shares Husband's Ordeal|first=Paul|last= Richter|work=Los Angeles Times|date=October 13, 1991|accessdate=October 23, 2010}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite news | last =Blumenfeld | first =Laura | title =The Nominee's Soul Mate | work =The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company | page =F01 | date =September 10, 1991 | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/lifespring/main.htm }} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|title=Judging Thomas: The Life and Times of Clarence Thomas|first=Ken|last= Foskett|publisher=William Morrow and Company|date=August 3, 2004|isbn=978-0-06-052721-1|pages=116, 194–198}} 7. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.alumni.creighton.edu/s/1250/alumni/3col.aspx?sid=1250&gid=1&pgid=462|work=Alumni Advisory Board|title=Advisory Board Members|publisher=Creighton University|year=2010|accessdate=October 28, 2010}} 8. ^{{cite news|first=Frank|last= Swoboda|title =Chamber of Commerce Backs Concept of Child Care Bill|work =The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company| date =February 11, 1988}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=INS Ready to crack down on firms that hire illegal aliens|agency=Associated Press|date=May 31, 1988|work=The Milwaukee Journal}} 10. ^{{cite news | last =Stanton | first =Betsy | title =Big business: Family and Medical Leave Act is a bitter pill | work =Daily News Record | date =December 10, 1987 }} 11. ^{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Help wanted: skilled workers for the '90s | work =Purchasing | publisher =Reed Business Information, Inc. | date =September 14, 1989 }} 12. ^{{cite news|first=John |last=Mashek |author2=Ethan Bronner | title = Thomas, a Conservative, Nominated to High Court Confirmation Fight|work=The Boston Globe| date =July 2, 1991}} 13. ^{{cite news|first=Ruth |last=Marcus| title =Self-Made Conservative; Nominee Insists He Be Judged on Merits| work =The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company| date =July 2, 1991}} 14. ^{{cite news|last =Staff| title =Drug Abuse Among Women Expected to be Major Issue | work =Lexington Herald Leader | date =September 30, 1989 }} 15. ^{{cite news|first= Margaret |last=Carlson|author2=Joseph J. Kane |author3=Staci D. Kramer | title =The Supreme Court: Marching to a Different Drummer | work =Time Magazine | page =5 | date =July 15, 1991 | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973404-5,00.html}} 16. ^{{cite journal|journal=Issues in Ethics|volume=3|issue=2 | url = http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v3n2/comparable.html | title = Comparable Worth | first = Claire|last= Andre |author2=Manuel Velasquez | accessdate = March 19, 2010 }} 17. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,973404,00.html |title=The Supreme Court: Marching to a Different Drummer|first=Margaret|last= Carlson, Joseph J. Kane|page=1|date=July 15, 1991|work=Time|accessdate=October 23, 2010}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/12/us/the-thomas-nomination-in-an-ugly-atmosphere-the-accusations-fly.html|title=The Thomas Nomination; In An Ugly Atmosphere, the Accusations Fly|first= Maureen |last=Dowd|date= October 12, 1991|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|accessdate=July 23, 2016}} 19. ^{{cite news|last =Toner|first =Robin|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/13/us/contesting-vote-political-memo-day-day-duels-political-issues-have-grown.html| title = Contesting the vote: Political memo; Day-to-Day Duels on Political Issues Have Grown Increasingly Personal |publisher=The New York Times Company | work =The New York Times| date =December 13, 2000}} 20. ^{{cite news|title=Decade after bitter confirmation, Thomas marches to his own tune|first=Ann |last=Gearan|agency=Associated Press|date=September 4, 2001|work=The Day|location=New London, Connecticut}} 21. ^{{cite book |last =Smitherman | first =Geneva | title =African American Women Speak Out on Anita Hill-Clarence Thomas | publisher =Wayne State University Press | year =1995 | page =Page 191 | isbn = 978-0-8143-2530-8}} 22. ^{{cite news | last =Corn | first =David | title =Beltway Bandits| work =The Nation| date =December 9, 1991 }} 23. ^{{cite book | last =Swenson | first =Michele | title =Democracy Under Assault | publisher =Sol Ventures Press | year =2005 | page =98 | isbn = 978-0-9766788-0-9}} 24. ^{{cite news | last =Staff | title = Congress: Dole Won't Block Helms | work =Rocky Mountain News | date =November 24, 1994 }} 25. ^{{cite news|last =Dee|first =John|title =Supreme Court (In)Justice|work =Lumpen|pages =Coup 2K|date =January 2001|url =http://www.lumpen.com/coup2k/framer.html?pg=11}} 26. ^{{cite news | last =Marquis| first =Christopher| title = Job of Clarence Thomas's Wife Raises Conflict-of-Interest Questions|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=December 12, 2000|url =https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/12/us/contesting-vote-challenging-justice-job-thomas-s-wife-raises-conflict-interest.html?ref=virginia_lamp_thomas}} 27. ^{{cite news|last =Staff | title =After 10 years on Supreme Court, Thomas finds a comfortable routine| work =Milwaukee Journal Sentinel| date =September 4, 2001}} 28. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-na-thomas14-2010mar14,0,6505384.story|title=Justice's wife launches 'tea party' group|last=Hennessey|first=Kathleen|date=March 14, 2010|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=March 15, 2010}} 29. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/09/us/politics/09thomas.html|title=Activism of Thomas's Wife Could Raise Judicial Issues|date=2010-10-09|first=Jackie |last=Calmes|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2010-10-23}} 30. ^{{cite news|last=Vogel|first= Kenneth P.|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0710/39426_Page3.html#ixzz0syOGowjW |title=Secret donors make Thomas's wife's group tea party player.|work=Politico|date= July 6, 2010}} 31. ^{{cite news |work=Politico |date=February 4, 2011 |url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0211/48812.html |title=Justice Thomas’s wife Virginia Thomas now a lobbyist |author1=Kenneth P. Vogel |author2=Marin Cogan |author3=John Bresnahan |last-author-amp=yes }} 32. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/what-is-ginni-thomas-saying-now-the-evolution-of-an-unusually-outspoken-supreme-court-spouse/2018/12/26/883da960-f753-11e8-8c9a-860ce2a8148f_story.html|title=What is Ginni Thomas saying now? The evolution of an unusually outspoken Supreme Court spouse|last=|first=|date=2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=}} 33. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/07/groundswell-rightwing-group-ginni-thomas|title=Inside the New Strategy Group Where Right-Wing Activists and Journalists Coordinate Messaging|last=Corn|first=David|date=2013-07-25|newspaper=Mother Jones|access-date=2017-02-08|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=|language=en|via=}} 34. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/a-conservative-nonprofit-that-seeks-to-transform-college-campuses-faces-allegations-of-racial-bias-and-illegal-campaign-activity|title=A Conservative Nonprofit That Seeks to Transform College Campuses Faces Allegations of Racial Bias and Illegal Campaign Activity|last=Mayer|first=Jane|date=2017-12-21|magazine=New Yorker|access-date=2017-12-23|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=|language=en|via=}} 35. ^{{Cite website|url=http://www.tpusa.com/aboutus/advisory-council/|title=Advisory Council|website=Turning Point USA|access-date=2017-12-23|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|work=|language=en|via=}} 36. ^{{cite news|title=10 years later, an inside look at Clarence Thomas|first=Ken|last= Foskett|agency=Cox News Service|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 6, 2001}} 37. ^{{cite news|last=Malone|first=Julia|author2=Bob Dart | title=Judge Thomas: Tough, but `down to earth' Court nominee called comfortable with self|work=The Atlanta Journal|page=A1|date=July 4, 1991}} 38. ^Desmond, Joan Frawley. "'Fearless' Justice Clarence Thomas Walks 25 Years in Footsteps of St. Thomas More." National Catholic Register, 31 Oct. 2016, [https://www.ncregister.com/daily-news/justice-clarence-thomas-marks-a-quarter-century-on-supreme-court] 39. ^1 {{cite news|first=Charlie|last=Savage|title=Clarence Thomas’s Wife Asks Anita Hill for Apology|publisher=The New York Times Company|work=The New York Times|date=October 19, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/20/us/politics/20thomas.html}} 40. ^{{cite news|first=Michael A.|last=Fletcher|title=Virginia Thomas seeks apology from Anita Hill|work=The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company|date=October 19, 2010|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/20/AR2010102001551.html}} 41. ^{{cite news|url=http://dailycaller.com/2010/12/03/clarence-thomas%E2%80%99-wife-i%E2%80%99m-not-leaving-my-tea-party-organization/|title=Ginni Thomas: I’m not leaving my Tea Party organization|date=Dec 3, 2010|first=Alex|last=Pappas|publisher=The Daily Caller}} 42. ^1 2 3 {{cite news | last =Fisher | first =Marc | title = I Cried Enough to Fill a Glass: In One Lifespring Session, Trainees May Find Themselves Crawling on their Hands and Knees, Wailing Like Infants and Tightly Hugging 200 Total Strangers – All to Get Control of Their Lives. Does it Work? Sometimes| work =The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company| date =October 25, 1987}} 43. ^{{cite journal | last =Marcum | first =Kirsten | last2 =Larson| first2= Adam | title =Cult Status: In which the author struggles to escape the psychological shackles of a self-help seminar | journal =Minneapolis City Pages|volume= 22| issue =1092|page=Cover story | date =November 7, 2001}} 44. ^{{cite news | last =Staff | title =Thomas' Wife Raps Lifespring | work =San Antonio Express-News | date =July 18, 1991 }} 45. ^{{cite book | last =Phelps | first =Timothy M. |author2=Helen Winternitz | title =Capitol Games: The Inside Story of Clarence Thomas, Anita Hill and a Supreme Court Nomination | publisher =HarperPerennial | year =1993 | pages =115–116 | isbn = 978-0-06-097553-1 }} 46. ^{{cite news | last =Blumenfeld | first =Laura | title =The Nominee's Soul Mate | work =The Washington Post |publisher=The Washington Post Company | page =F01 | date =September 10, 1991 | url =https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/longterm/cult/lifespring/main.htm }} 47. ^{{cite news | last =Staff |author2=The Washington Post | title = Thomas' Wife Was Victim of Cult | work =The Buffalo News | date =July 6, 1991 }} Further reading
External links
16 : 1957 births|American Roman Catholics|Converts to Roman Catholicism from Protestantism|American conspiracy theorists|Critics of new religious movements|Creighton University alumni|Creighton University School of Law alumni|The Heritage Foundation|Living people|Tea Party movement activists|Lawyers from Omaha, Nebraska|Lawyers from Washington, D.C.|Washington, D.C. Republicans|Former members of new religious movements|Nebraska Republicans|Virginia Republicans |
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