| 词条 | Virola sebifera |
| 释义 |
| image = Virola sebifera.jpg | image_caption = | genus = Virola | species = sebifera | authority = Aubl. | synonyms =
}}Virola sebifera is a species of tree in the family Myristicaceae, from North and South America[2] DescriptionV. sebifera is a tall, thin tree which grows {{convert|5-30|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall.[3] The leaves are simple and grow up to {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}} long. The small flowers are single-sexed and are found in panicles. The fruit is reddish, oval-shaped, and about {{convert|10-15|mm|abbr=on}} long and about {{convert|11|mm|abbr=on}} in diameter.[3] The individual Virola trees, which include 40 to 60 species, are difficult to differentiate from one another.[4]Vernacular namesEnglish: red ucuuba.[1] Portuguese: Ucuúba-do-cerrado.[5] Chemical constituentsThe bark of the tree is rich in tannins[2] and also the hallucinogen[6] dimethyltryptamine (DMT), as well as 5-MeO-DMT. The ripe seeds contain fatty acid glycerides, especially laurodimyristin and trimyristin.[7] The bark contains 0.065% to 0.25% alkaloids, most of which are DMT and 5-MeO-DMT.[8] The "juice or gum" of the bark seems to have the highest concentrations of alkaloids (up to 8%).[8] UsesIndustrial usesSeeds from V. sebifera are processed to obtain the fats, which are yellow and aromatic. They smell like nutmeg.[9] The fats also become rancid quickly. They are used industrially in the production of fats, candles, and soaps. This virola fat possesses properties similar to cocoa butter[7] and shea butter. The wood of V. sebifera has a density around {{convert|0.37|g/cm3|abbr=on}}.[10] Traditional medicineThe smoke of the inner bark of the tree is used by shamans of the indigenous people of Venezuela in cases of fever conditions, or cooked for driving out evil ghosts.[4] Myristica sebifera (abbreviation: Myris) is derived from the fresh, red juice from the injured bark of the tree. It is especially used for such ailments as abscesses, phlegmon, paronychia, furuncle, anal fissures, infections of the parotid gland, bacterially infected tonsilitis, and others.[2][11][12]References1. ^1 Virola sebifera | Henriette's Herbal Homepage 2. ^1 2 Markus Wiesenauer, Suzann Kirschner-Brouns: Homöopathie - Das große Handbuch, Gräfe & Unzer Verlag, 2007, {{ISBN|978-3-8338-0034-4}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{cite web|url=http://www.plantes-botanique.be/e2-Myristicaceae-Virola-venosa|last=|first=|archive-url=https://archive.is/20070519184701/http://www.plantes-botanique.be/e2-Myristicaceae-Virola-venosa|archive-date=2007-05-19|dead-url=yes|accessdate=2008-04-30}} 4. ^1 Christian Rätsch: Enzyklopädie der psychoaktiven Pflanzen. AT Verlag, 2007, 8. Auflage, {{ISBN|978-3-03800-352-6}} 5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.lapa.ufscar.br/portugues/fragmentos.htm |title=Estudos de áreas naturais fragmentadas |access-date=2007-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070917163812/http://www.lapa.ufscar.br/portugues/fragmentos.htm |archive-date=2007-09-17 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 6. ^Andreas Kelich: Halluzinogene Rauschdrogen: Botanischer Teil: Virola spp.: V. sebifera 7. ^1 Karl Hiller, Matthias F. Melzig, Lexikon der Arzneipflanzen und Drogen, 2 Bände, Genehmigte Sonderausgabe für den area verlag, 2006, {{ISBN|3-89996-682-1}} 8. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/060499en.pdf |title=COMMITTEE FOR VETERINARY MEDICINAL PRODUCTS VIROLA SEBIFERA SUMMARY REPORT |access-date=2008-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070710213650/http://www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/060499en.pdf |archive-date=2007-07-10 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 9. ^{{Meyers Online|15|499|kapiteltext=Talg, vegetabilischer|spezialkapitel=Talg,%20vegetabilischer}} 10. ^{{cite web |url = http://inverhutchinson.com/Maderas01.htm |title = PUERTAS |publisher = inverhutchinson.com |accessdate = 2008-04-30 |last = |first = }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 11. ^Homöopathisches Repetorium, Deutsche Homöopathie Union (DHU) 12. ^Mohinder Singh Jus, Praktische Materia Medica. Arzneimittellehre von A-Z, Homöosana, 2004, {{ISBN|3-906407-05-5}} Further reading
External links
10 : Virola|Flora of Central America|Flora of South America|Flora of the Cerrado|Flora of Costa Rica|Flora of Panama|Flora of Colombia|Flora of Brazil|Medicinal plants of Central America|Medicinal plants of South America |
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