词条 | Visa policy of Australia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
The visa policy of Australia deals with the requirements that a foreign national wishing to enter Australia must meet to obtain a visa, which is a permit to travel, to enter and remain in the country.[1] Visa rules are set out in the Migration Act 1958 and the Migration Regulations, which are administered by the Department of Home Affairs. Australia maintains a universal visa regime, meaning that every non-citizen in Australia must have a visa, either as a result of an application, or one granted automatically by law.[2] As of 2015 there is no intention to provide visa free access for any country,[3] however Australia gives a visitor visa exemption to:
In addition to the citizens of 45 eVisitor and ETA eligible countries and the citizens of New Zealand who may need to apply for a Visitor visa, the citizens of all other countries may apply for the Visitor visa online. Citizens of 34 countries are officially considered low risk.[5] Since 1 September 2015, Australia ceased to issue visa labels on visa holders' passports, and all visas are issued and recorded on a central database.[6] Visa records can only be accessed through Visa Entitlement Verification Online (VEVO), a digital verification service provided by the Department of Home Affairs.[7] Visa typesThere is a large range of visas that may be applied for, for a variety of purposes, including:[9][10][11]
2 – can apply for this visa in or outside Australia.
Visitor visa policy mapHistoryVisa formats in Australia have changed over the years. Australia was possibly one of the first countries to replace ink based stamps with more secure stick-on labels in the 1970s.[28] In 1987, the then-Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs initiated a scheme which saw the utilization of computers to process visitor visa applications in overseas Australian missions for the first time.[28] In 1990, a second generation of the Immigration Records and Information System (IRIS II) was introduced as a replacement of the original 1987 scheme. At the time, IRIS II was the most advanced visa processing system in the world, simplifying immigration clearance processes at airports and enabling across-the-counter visa issue at the Australian diplomatic missions.[28] In 1996, the Electronic Travel Authority system (ETA) was launched. The system allows visas to be issued electronically and linked to the applicant's passport, eliminating paper application forms.[29] Australia was the first country in the world to launch electronic visas.[28] Australia officially ceased the issuance of visa stickers on 1 September 2015, and all visas are issued and recorded electronically.[6] Electronic visaseVisitor and Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) are authorisations for entry to Australia available to holders of certain passports. Established in 1996 to remove the need for some people to apply for full visas, they can be applied for online, or (for ETAs) through travel agents, airlines, specialist service providers or Australian visa offices. Electronic tourist visas (class 600) are processed by Australian visa offices and consulates outside Australia, and citizens of most countries in the world can apply online. Their applications may be granted in a matter of minutes if a requested period of stay is three months or less and no further information or checking is required. In other cases, the application will be manually processed by a case officer.[35] eVisitor (subclass 651)The eVisitor was introduced on 27 October 2008, replacing an older eVisa system, to create a reciprocal short stay travel arrangement for nationals of Australia and the European Union, while still maintaining the universal visa system. On 23 March 2013 the business and tourist purpose eVisitors visas were merged into a single application.[30][31] The eVisitor is available to citizens of all[32] 28 European Union member states and 8 other European countries that are part of the Schengen Area. The eVisitor is issued free of charge and allows a stay of up to 3 months at a time in a 12-month period for tourism or business purposes. At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an eVisitor must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more.[30] Holders of the following passports are eligible:[33]
The grant rate of eVisitor has been consistently high over the years, never dropping below 97.7%. In the last quarter of 2017 the lowest approval rates for tourism applications were for the citizens of Romania (76.6%), Bulgaria (86.4%), Croatia (86.8%), Latvia (89.8%) and Lithuania (91.5%) with all other countries having a grant rate above 95%.[34] The eVisitor in the last quarter of 2013 was granted automatically to 85.8% of applicants but the rates differed significantly among countries. The lowest automatically granted rates in the 4th quarter were for the citizens of Bulgaria (16.2%), Romania (18.3%), Czech Republic (58.6%), Lithuania (59.3%), Latvia (62.4%) and Slovakia (66.3%) with all other countries having an automatic grant rate above 70%.[35] In 2014 Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania notified the European Commission that they consider Australia requires a visa for their citizens.[36] The notification was dismissed in 2015 after Australia lifting transit visa need for Bulgarians, Croatians and Romanians and made some clarifications.[37] In 2018, the European Union decided to introduce their own electronic travel authorisation in 2021, called ETIAS, needed for visa-exempt countries like Australia. Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) (subclass 601)Development of the ETA system commenced in January 1996. It was first implemented in Singapore on a trial basis on 11 September 1996, for holders of Singapore and US passports travelling on Qantas and Singapore Airlines. Implementation of online applications began in June 2001.[38][39] The current ETA came into effect on 23 March 2013 replacing older ETAs (subclass 976, 977 and 956) while offering a single authorization for both tourist and business purposes.[40] The ETA allows the holder to visit Australia for unlimited times, up to 3 months per visit, in a 12-month period for tourism or business purposes. There is no visa application charge but a service charge of AU$20 applies for applications lodged online. At the time of travel to, and entry into, Australia, all holders of an ETA must be free from tuberculosis and must not have any criminal convictions for which the sentence or sentences (whether served or not) total 12 months or more.[41] Holders of the following passports can apply online:[42] Nationals of Taiwan holding passports with National ID number[43] can also apply for the ETA but solely through one of the approved travel agents in Taiwan or an Australian visa office outside Australia.[44] Citizens of Andorra, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom (British Citizens and British Nationals (Overseas)[44] only) and the Vatican City may also apply for the ETA instead of eVisitor but solely through a travel agent, airline, specialist service provider or an Australian visa office outside Australia.[41] Online Visitor visa (e600)Since November 2012, visa labels in passport have not been required, but were issued at a request for a fee. As of September 2015 the possibility to obtain a visa label is no longer available and records are accessible only online through the Visa Entitlement Verification Online (VEVO) service.[45] On 23 March 2013, a new Visitor visa (subclass 600) replaced the previous Tourist visa (subclass 676).[46] In the 4th quarter of 2013 the automatic grant rate for electronically lodged applications outside Australia stood at 28.3%. Previously the rate ranged from 20.4% to 63.2%.[35] Visa exemptionsSpecial purpose visaA special purpose visa is a visa exemption given by operation of law to certain non-citizens in Australia to whom standard visa and immigration clearance arrangements do not apply. It effectively exempts certain persons from the normal processes for entry into Australia. These include members of the Royal Family and the members of the Royal party, guests of Government, SOFA forces members including civilian component members, Asia‑Pacific forces members, Commonwealth forces members, foreign armed forces dependents, foreign naval forces members, airline positioning crew members and airline crew members, eligible transit passengers, persons visiting Macquarie Island, eligible children born in Australia and Indonesian traditional fishermen visiting the Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands.[47][48] Transit without visaSome travelers do not need a Transit visa (subclass 771) if they depart Australia by air within 8 hours of the scheduled time of their arrival, hold confirmed onward booking and documentation necessary to enter the country of their destination and remain in the transit lounge at an airport (i.e. they do not need to clear immigration in order to re-check their luggage).[49] Holders of the following passports can transit through Australia under this arrangement:
A Transit visa is required for Gold Coast airport, and for Cairns airport and Sydney airport if staying overnight. Transit without a visa through Adelaide applies only to passengers departing on the same aircraft unless advance notice is given by the airline.[50] In addition, those who need to leave the transit lounge for any reason must hold a valid Australian visa. Torres StraitResidents of thirteen coastal villages in Papua New Guinea are permitted to enter the 'Protected Zone' of the Torres Strait (part of Queensland) for traditional purposes. This exemption from passport control is part of a treaty between Australia and Papua New Guinea negotiated when PNG became independent from Australia in 1975. Full list was determined in 2000 and includes the following 13 villages – Bula, Mari, Jarai, Tais, Buji/Ber, Sigabadaru, Mabadauan, Old Mawatta, Ture Ture, Kadawa, Katatai, Parama and Sui. They can make traditional visits (free movement without passports) as far as 10 degrees 30 minutes South latitude (near Number One Reef). Australian traditional inhabitants come from the following villages – Badu, Boigu, Poruma (Coconut Island), Erub (Darnley Island), Dauan, Kubin, St Pauls, Mabuiag, Mer (Murray Island), Saibai, Ugar (Stephen Island), Warraber (Sue Island), Iama (Yam Island) and Masig (Yorke Island). They can make traditional visits to the Papua New Guinea Treaty Villages and travel north as far as the 9 degrees South latitude (just north of Daru).[51] Vessels from other parts of Papua New Guinea and other countries attempting to cross into Australia or Australian waters are stopped by the Australian Border Force (ABF) or the Royal Australian Navy. External territories
SmartGate{{main|SmartGate}}SmartGate is an automated border processing system introduced by the Australian Border Force and New Zealand Customs Service. The SmartGate is available to eligible holders of ePassports aged 16 or over issued by the following jurisdictions:[61]
APEC Business Travel CardHolders of passports issued by the following countries who possess an APEC Business Travel Card (ABTC) containing the "AUS" code on the reverse that it is valid for travel to Australia can enter visa-free for business trips for up to 90 days.[63] ABTCs are issued to nationals of:[64]
Temporary entrants statisticsThe number of temporary entrants and New Zealand citizens physically present in Australia is estimated every three months by identifying those who have entered Australia and those who have neither left nor granted permanent residency.[65]
Overstaying visasNon-citizens who remain in Australia after their visa has expired are termed overstayers. Official government sources put the number of visa overstayers in Australia at approximately 50,000. This has been the official number of undocumented immigrants for about 25 years and is considered to be low. Other sources have placed it at up to 100,000, but no detailed study has been completed to quantify this number, which could be significantly higher. The government calculates a "Modified Non-Return Rate" of the people who arrive on a Visitor visa granted outside Australia, but do not depart before their visa expires. It is considered when assessing visa applications as an indicator of Visitor visa compliance.[66]
2 - online ETA eligible 3 - officially considered low risk[5] 4 - N/A indicates that no arrivals were recorded for this citizenship during the reporting period Enforcement of visa restrictionsOn 1 June 2013, the Migration Amendment (Reform of Employer Sanctions) Act 2013 commenced and put the onus on businesses to ensure that their employees maintain the necessary work entitlements in Australia. The new legislation enables the Department of Immigration and Border Protection to levy infringement notices against business (AUD $15,300) and individual (AUD $3,060) employers on a strict liability basis – meaning that there is no requirement to prove fault, negligence or intention.[67][68] Reciprocity issuesWhilst citizens of all Member States of the European Union and Schengen associated countries are entitled to use the eVisitor system since 27 October 2008, the European Commission is still assessing whether the eVisitor visa fully satisfies reciprocity requirements. In its Seventh report on certain third countries' maintenance of visa requirements in breach of the principle of reciprocity from 2012, the European Commission found that in principle, the eVisitor provides equal treatment of the citizens of all Member States and Schengen associated countries. However, while the average autogrant rate was high (86.36%), the quarterly reports on eVisitor application statistics showed that applications by citizens of some Member States are mainly processed manually. Autogrant rates for Bulgaria and Romania were at just 18% and 23%, as the majority of applications were sent for additional examination. The Commission therefore engaged to continue to closely monitor the processing of eVisitor applications. The Commission would submit its assessment of whether eVisitor is equivalent to the Schengen visa application process in a separate document in parallel with the assessment of the Final Rule on ESTA.[69] Currently the Schengen Area does not have visa requirements in place for short-term stays of Australian nationals.[70][71] The United Kingdom and Ireland are exempt from this particular EU policy, but still do not impose any short-term visa requirements on Australians.[72][73] In 2014 Bulgaria, Cyprus and Romania, which are not yet part of the Schengen Area, notified the European Commission that they considered Australia's low rate of automatically-granted eVisitor authorisations for their citizens tantamount to a normal visa requirement for their citizens.[36] Implications are that if the notification is accepted the EU may suspend the visa exemption for certain categories of Australian nationals and at the latest six months after publication of the regulation, the Commission may decide to suspend the visa-free access to all Australian citizens.[74] Some countries regard the ETA as being equivalent to visa-free travel when deciding whether to grant the same to Australians wishing to enter their territory. The United States, for example, offers their Visa Waiver Program to Australian passport-holders,[75] and one of the conditions for joining this scheme is that "Governments provide reciprocal visa-free travel for U.S. citizens for 90 days for tourism or business purposes".[76] However, United States require from January 2009 similar ETA from citizens of Australia and some more countries. This system is not called visa, but Electronic System for Travel Authorization, therefore the USA still allows visa-free travel for Australians. As of December 1998, Japan has also granted visa-free access to Australians.[77] Other ETA eligible countries and territories Canada,[78] Hong Kong,[79] Malaysia,[80] Singapore[81] and South Korea (90 days)[82] and Taiwan (30 days)[83] also grant visa-free access to Australians while Brunei grants Australians a 30-day visa on arrival.[84] FutureIn 2014 Australia announced that among the countries discussed for visa waiver extension are the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.[85] Historic stamp galleryVisitor statisticsMost visitors arriving to Australia were from the following countries of nationality:[86][87][88]
See also{{Portal|Australia}}{{Wikivoyage|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}}{{Wikivoyage|Australia}}{{Wikivoyage|Christmas Island}}{{Wikivoyage|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}{{Wikivoyage|Norfolk Island}}
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Annexes: Introduction of the ETA, eVisitor and eVisa systems|url=http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/docs/pdf/esta_annexes_en.pdf|publisher=PricewaterhouseCoopers|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 40. ^{{cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for Electronic Travel Authority (subclass 601)|url=http://www.southkorea.embassy.gov.au/seol/FAQ_601.html#Q1|publisher=Australian - Embassy Republic of Korea|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 41. ^1 {{cite web|title=Electronic Travel Authority (Subclass 601)|url=https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/601-|publisher=Department of Immigration and Border Protection|accessdate=30 August 2015}} 42. ^{{cite web|title=For Electronic Travel Authority Applicants - Who can apply|url=https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/601-#tab-content-1|publisher=Department of Immigration and Border Protection|accessdate=30 August 2015}} 43. ^https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2014L01319 Migration Regulations 1994 - Specification of Class of Passports - IMMI 14/073 44. ^1 http://hongkong.china.embassy.gov.au/hkng/VISMG_ETA.html Visa and migration - Electronic Travel Authorities (ETA) 45. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa/Visa|title=Electronic visa record|author=|date=|website=www.border.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 46. ^{{cite web|title=Visitor visa (subclass 600)|url=http://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Visa-1/600-|publisher=Department of Immigration and Border Protection|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 47. ^{{cite web|title=Migration Act 1958, taking into account amendments up to Migration Amendment (Temporary Sponsored Visas) Act 2013|url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013C00458|publisher=Australian Government - ComLaw|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 48. ^{{cite web|title=Migration Regulations 1994, taking into account amendments up to Migration Amendment (Visa Application Charge) Regulation 2013|url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2013C00810|publisher=Australian Government - ComLaw|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 49. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.border.gov.au/Lega/Lega/Form/Immi-FAQs/do-i-need-a-visa-to-transit-through-australia|title=Do I need a visa to transit through Australia?|author=|date=|website=www.border.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 50. ^[https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=AU&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=AI&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C KLM - Visa Information] 51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/torres_strait/index.html|title=Torres Strait Treaty and You - What is free movement for traditional activities?|publisher=Australian Government = Dept. of Foreign Affairs and Trade|accessdate=3 March 2010}} 52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.gov.au/about-antarctica/tourism/environmental-approvals-for-tour-and-expedition-organisers|title=Environmental approvals for tour and expedition organisers|author=|date=|website=www.antarctica.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.regional.gov.au/territories/christmas/traveller_info.aspx#ci|title=Christmas Island traveller information|first=Department of Infrastructure and Regional|last=Development|date=|website=Infrastructure and Regional Development|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.regional.gov.au/territories/Cocos_Keeling/traveller_info.aspx#ci|title=Cocos (Keeling) Islands traveller information|first=Regional|last=Services|date=|website=www.regional.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.heardisland.aq/about/frequently-asked-questions|title=Frequently asked questions|first=c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment and Energy;ou=Australian Antarctic|last=Division|date=|website=www.heardisland.aq|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 56. ^Guidelines for Tourist Operations and Visits 57. ^Guidelines for Tourist Visits to Macquarie Island Nature Reserve and World Heritage Area 58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.border.gov.au/News/Pages/norfolk-island.aspx|title=Norfolk Island|author=|date=|website=www.border.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.norfolkisland.com.au/general-info/customs-a-immigration|title=Website Error|author=|date=|website=www.norfolkisland.com.au|accessdate=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701132720/http://www.norfolkisland.com.au/general-info/customs-a-immigration|archive-date=2016-07-01|dead-url=yes|df=}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://regional.gov.au/territories/norfolk_island/reforms/domestic-travel.aspx|title=Factsheet: Domestic travel between Norfolk Island and mainland Australia|first=Department of Infrastructure, Regional Development and|last=Cities|date=|website=Infrastructure and Regional Development|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 61. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.border.gov.au/Trav/Ente/Goin/Arrival/Smartgateor-ePassport|title=Arrivals SmartGate|author=|date=|website=www.border.gov.au|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/content/376942-uae-nationals-can-use-smartgate-at-australian-airports|title=UAE nationals can use SmartGate at Australian airports|author=|date=|website=arabianbusiness.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 63. ^[https://www.timaticweb.com/cgi-bin/tim_website_client.cgi?FullText=1&COUNTRY=AU&SECTION=VI&SUBSECTION=00&user=KLMB2C&subuser=KLMB2C] 64. ^{{cite web|url=http://travel.apec.org/abtc-summary.html|title=ABTC Summary - APEC Business Travel Card|author=|date=|website=travel.apec.org|accessdate=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019010749/http://travel.apec.org/abtc-summary.html|archive-date=19 October 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 65. ^{{Cite web|title = Temporary entrants in Australia (stock data) statistics|url = https://www.border.gov.au/about/reports-publications/research-statistics/statistics/live-in-australia/temporary-entrants-in-australia|website = www.border.gov.au|accessdate = 2016-01-11}} 66. ^{{cite web|url=http://allianceau.com/pdf/MNRR.pdf|title=Modified Non-Return Rate Quarterly Report Ending at 30 June 2013|author=|date=|website=allianceau.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vsure.com.au/employer-sanctions-legislation/ |title=Employer Sanctions Legislation - vSure - Visa Checks Made Easy |publisher=vSure |date=2013-06-01 |accessdate=2013-10-22}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.immi.gov.au/managing-australias-borders/compliance/legalworkers/factsheet.htm |title=Fact Sheet - Employing Legal Workers |publisher=Immi.gov.au |date=2008-10-29 |accessdate=2013-10-22}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/e-library/documents/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/docs/com_2012_681_final_en.pdf|title=COM(2012) 681 final REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL - Seventh report on certain third countries' maintenance of visa requirements in breach of the principle of reciprocity|publisher=European Commission|format=.pdf}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/fsj/freetravel/visa/fsj_freetravel_visa_en.htm|title=Same visa policy for all European Union Member States|publisher=EUROPA|accessdate=2007-08-31}} 71. ^{{cite journal|title=Council Regulation (EC) No 539/2001|journal=Official Journal of the European Communities|author=Office for Official Publications of the European Communities|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/pri/en/oj/dat/2001/l_081/l_08120010321en00010007.pdf|date=2001-03-21|volume=44|issue=L 81|pages=1–7; Article 1(2) and Annex II|subscription=yes}} 72. ^{{cite web|url=https://etaaustraliaonline.com/|title=Australia Visa|publisher=UK Visas|accessdate=2007-08-31}} 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://193.178.1.205/services/visa/01.asp|title=Do I need a visa to come to Ireland?|publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs, Government of Ireland|accessdate=2007-08-31}} 74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.com/justice/eu-gives-usa-deadline-reciprocat-news-533275|title=EU gives US six months to come clean on visa policy|author=|date=5 February 2014|website=euractiv.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/temp/without/without_1990.html#2|title=Visa Waiver Program (VWP)|publisher=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=2007-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100922151704/http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/temp/without/without_1990.html#2|archive-date=2010-09-22|dead-url=yes|df=}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=https://travel.state.gov/visa/temp/without/without_1255.html|title=Visa Waiver Program - How a Country Qualifies|publisher=U.S. Department of State|accessdate=2007-08-31}} 77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/1998/r98145.htm|title=Visa Free Entry to Japan for Short-term Visitors from Australia|publisher=Department of Immigration and Citizenship|date=1998-11-05|accessdate=2007-08-31 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070609151446/http://www.minister.immi.gov.au/media/media-releases/1998/r98145.htm |archivedate = 2007-06-09}} 78. ^{{cite web|title=Countries and territories whose citizens do not need a visa (visa exemptions)|url=http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/visit/visas-all.asp#exemptions|publisher=Citizenship and Immigration Canada|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 79. ^{{cite web|title=Visit Visa / Entry Permit Requirements for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|url=http://www.immd.gov.hk/en/services/hk-visas/visit-transit/visit-visa-entry-permit.html|publisher=Immigration Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 80. ^{{cite web|title=Visa Requirement by Country|url=http://www.imi.gov.my/index.php/en/main-services/visa/visa-requirement-by-country/7-perkhidmatan-utama/286-visa-requirement-by-country|publisher=Immigration Department of Malaysia|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 81. ^{{cite web|title=Visa Requirements for Entry into Singapore|url=http://www.mfa.gov.sg/content/mfa/overseasmission/london/visa_information/entryvisa_requirements.html|publisher=High Commission of The Republic of Singapore - London|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 82. ^{{cite web|title=Nationals of countries or regions allowed for visa-free entry|url=http://www.mofat.go.kr/ENG/visa/application/|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs|accessdate=25 September 2013}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 83. ^{{cite web|title=Visa-Exempt Entry|url=http://www.boca.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1443&ctNode=536&mp=2|publisher=Bureau of Consular Affairs|accessdate=25 September 2013}} 84. ^{{cite web|title=Visa Information|url=http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/visa-information|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade|accessdate=25 September 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927063447/http://www.mofat.gov.bn/index.php/visa-information|archive-date=27 September 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 85. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.zawya.com/story/Australia_mulls_visa_waiver_for_Gulf_nationals-GN_13042014_140467/|title=Australia mulls visa waiver for Gulf nationals|author=|date=|website=zawya.com|accessdate=31 March 2018}} 86. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tourism.australia.com/statistics/arrivals.aspx|title=Latest News - Corporate - Tourism Australia|first=Tourism|last=Australia|date=3 November 2017|website=www.tourism.australia.com|accessdate=31 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135526/http://www.tourism.australia.com/statistics/arrivals.aspx|archive-date=5 September 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 87. ^ 88. ^ External links
3 : Visa policy of Australia|International travel documents|Visa policy by country |
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