| 词条 | Viviparous brotula |
| 释义 |
| name = Viviparous brotulas | image = Hephthocara simum.jpg | image_caption = Hephthocara simum | taxon = Bythitidae | authority = T. N. Gill, 1861 | subdivision_ranks = Subfamilies | subdivision = See text }} The viviparous brotulas form a family, the Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes. They are known as viviparous brotulas as they generally bear live young,[1] although there are indications that some species (at least Didymothallus criniceps) do not.[2] They are generally infrequently seen, somewhat tadpole-like in overall shape and mostly about {{convert|5|-|10|cm|in|abbr=on|0}} in length,[1] but some species grow far larger and may surpass {{convert|60|cm|ft|abbr=on|0}}.[3][4] Although many live near the coast in tropical or subtropical oceans,[1] there are also species in deep water and cold oceans, for example Bythites.[5] Thermichthys hollisi, which lives at depths of around {{convert|2500|m|ft|abbr=on}}, is associated with thermal vents.[6] A few are fresh or brackish water cavefish: the Mexican blind brotula (Typhliasina pearsei), Galapagos cuskeel (Ogilbia galapagosensis), Diancistrus typhlops and some Lucifuga species.[2][7] Since 2002, more than 110 new species have been added to this family.[8] In 2005, 26 new species were described in a single paper by Danish and German scientists[9] and in 2007, an additional eight new genera with 20 new species were described in another paper by the same scientists.[10] In some classifications the family Aphyonidae is placed within the Bythitidae and the tribe Dinematichthyini of the subfamily Brosmophycinae has been raised to the status of a family, the Dinematichthyidae which contains 25 genera and 114 species.[11] The Bythitidae is divided as follows:
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N. |author= Nielsen, Jørgen G.|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|page= 134|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}} 2. ^1 Nielsen; Schwarzhans; and Hadiaty (2009). A blind, new species of Diancistrus (Teleostei, Bythitidae) from three caves on Muna Island, southeast of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Cybium 33(3): 241-245. 3. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Cataetyx | month = April| year = 2017}} 4. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Grammonus | month = April| year = 2017}} 5. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Bythites | month = April| year = 2017}} 6. ^{{FishBase genus | genus = Thermichthys | species = hollisi | month = April| year = 2017}} 7. ^Romero, A., editor (2001). The Biology of Hypogean Fishes. Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes. {{ISBN|978-1402000768}} 8. ^http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp 9. ^{{cite journal | journal = The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory | volume = 21 | year = 2005 | pages = 73–163 | title = Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei: Bythitidae) of the Indo-West Pacific. Part I. Diancistrus and Two New Genera with 26 New Species | url=http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=012814779649528;res=IELHSS |author1=Schwarzhans, Werner |author2=Møller, Peter Rask |author3=Nielsen, Jørgen G. }} 10. ^{{cite journal | journal = The Beagle, Records of the Museum and Art Galleries of the Northern Territory | volume = 23 | year = 2007 | pages = 29–110 | title = Review of the Dinematichthyini (Teleostei, Bythitidae) of the Indo-West pacific. Part III. Beaglichthys, Brosmolus, Monothrix and 8 new genera with description of 20 new species. | author = Schwarzhans & Møller}} 11. ^{{cite journal | author1 = Møller PR | author2 = Knudsen SW | author3 = Schwarzhans W | author4 = Nielsen JG | year = 2016 | title = A new classification of viviparous brotulas (Bythitidae) - with family status for Dinematichthyidae - based on molecular, morphological and fossil data | pmid = 27060424 | journal = Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution | volume = 100 | pages = 391–408}} Abstract 12. ^Nielsen, J.G., Schwarzhans, W. & Cohen, D.M. (2012): Revision of Hastatobythites and Saccogaster (Teleostei, Bythitidae) with three new species and a new genus. Zootaxa, 3579: 1–36.
2 : Bythitidae|Viviparous fish |
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