| 词条 | Frank Carlucci |
| 释义 |
|name = Frank Carlucci |image = Frank Carlucci official portrait.JPEG |office = 16th United States Secretary of Defense |president = Ronald Reagan |deputy = William Taft |term_start = November 23, 1987 |term_end = January 20, 1989 |predecessor = Caspar Weinberger |successor = Dick Cheney |office1 = 15th United States National Security Advisor |president1 = Ronald Reagan |deputy1 = Peter Rodman |term_start1 = December 2, 1986 |term_end1 = November 23, 1987 |predecessor1 = John Poindexter |successor1 = Colin Powell |office2 = 18th United States Deputy Secretary of Defense |president2 = Ronald Reagan |term_start2 = February 4, 1981 |term_end2 = December 31, 1982 |predecessor2 = Graham Claytor |successor2 = Paul Thayer |office3 = 13th Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency |president3 = Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan |term_start3 = February 5, 1978 |term_end3 = February 4, 1981 |predecessor3 = John Francis Blake |successor3 = Bobby Inman |office4 = United States Ambassador to Portugal |president4 = Gerald Ford |term_start4 = January 24, 1975 |term_end4 = February 5, 1978 |predecessor4 = Stuart Scott |successor4 = Richard Bloomfield |office5 = 4th Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity |president5 = Richard Nixon |term_start5 = January 1971 |term_end5 = December 1972 |predecessor5 = Donald Rumsfeld |successor5 = Phillip V. Sanchez |birth_name = Frank Charles Carlucci III |birth_date = {{birth date |1930|10|18}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.}} |death_date = {{Death date and age|2018|6|3|1930|10|18}} |death_place = McLean, Virginia, U.S. |resting_place = Arlington National Cemetery[1] |spouse = {{marriage|Jean Anthony|1954|1974|reason=divorced}} {{marriage|Marcia Myers|1976}} |children = Three (Two with Anthony; One with Myers) |party = Republican |education = Princeton University {{small|(AB)}} Harvard University {{small|(MBA)}} |allegiance = {{flag|United States}} |branch = {{flag|United States Navy}} |serviceyears = 1952–1954 |rank= Lieutenant }}Frank Charles Carlucci III {{post-nominals|post-noms=GCIH}} (October 18, 1930 – June 3, 2018) was an American politician and diplomat who served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan.[2] Carlucci served in a variety of senior-level governmental positions, including Director of the Office of Economic Opportunity in the Richard Nixon administration, Deputy Director of the CIA in the Jimmy Carter administration, and Deputy Secretary of Defense and National Security Advisor in the Reagan administration. Early lifeCarlucci was born in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the son of Roxanne (née Bacon) and Frank Charles Carlucci, Jr., an insurance broker. His father was of Italian and Swiss descent.[3] He graduated from Wyoming Seminary in 1948 and Princeton University in 1952, where he roomed with Donald Rumsfeld, and attended Harvard Business School for an MBA in 1954-55.[4] He was a Naval officer from 1952 until 1954.[5] He joined the Foreign Service, working for the State Department from 1956 until 1969.[6] Early careerIn 1961, Carlucci was the second secretary at the United States Embassy in the Congo and a covert CIA agent.[5] During that time, Patrice Lumumba, the first prime minister of independent Congo, was executed in January 1961 during the Congo Crisis.[8] According to subsequently released US government documents, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered the CIA to eliminate Lumumba.[5][6] Minutes of an August 1960 National Security Council meeting confirm that Eisenhower told CIA chief Allen Dulles to "eliminate" the Congolese leader.[7] The official note taker, Robert H. Johnson, testified to this before the Senate Intelligence Committee in 1975. However, subsequent investigations indicate that Lumumba was ultimately executed by order of political rival Moïse Tshombe of the State of Katanga with Belgian assistance.[5][8] According to James Schlesinger, a subsequent Prime Minister of the Congo, Cyrille Adoula, began a White House meeting with President John F. Kennedy with the question "{{Lang|fr|Où est Carlucci?|italic=no}}" ("Where is Carlucci?"). Kennedy first responded "Who the hell is Carlucci?'" and then sent Dean Rusk to find him.[9] A fictionalized 2000 biopic of Lumumba, titled Lumumba, and directed by Raoul Peck, portrayed Carlucci as being involved during his service in Congo in the murder of Lumumba.[9][10] Carlucci furiously denied the claims, and successfully went to court to prevent being named in the film when it was released in the United States.[9][10] Service in Presidential administrationsIn 1969, when President Nixon persuaded U.S. Rep. Donald Rumsfeld to leave his congressional seat to become director of the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the agency created by Sargent Shriver to fight President Johnson's War on Poverty, Rumsfeld had Carlucci transferred to OEO from the State Department to head up the Community Action Program.[11] Carlucci was Undersecretary of Health, Education and Welfare when Caspar Weinberger was secretary during the Nixon administration.[11] Carlucci became Ambassador to Portugal, and served in this position from 1974 until 1977.[11] He was remembered in Portugal among the winners of the November 25 Coup d'État.[12] The Carlucci American International School of Lisbon, the oldest American school in the Iberian Peninsula, is named for him. Carlucci was Deputy Director of the CIA from 1978 until 1981, under CIA Director Stansfield Turner.[6] Department of DefenseCarlucci was United States Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1981 until 1983.[13] He later served as United States National Security Advisor from 1986 until 1987.[14] Carlucci became United States Secretary of Defense in 1987, following the resignation of Caspar Weinberger due to his involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair.[6] He served as Secretary of Defense until the end of the Reagan administration on January 20, 1989.[6][11] He was notable during the administration for advocating an arms build-up to hasten the end of the Cold War, a policy which Reagan followed.[11] Post-Administration workBusinessCarlucci served as chairman of the Carlyle Group from 1992 until 2003, and chairman emeritus until 2005.[6][11] He had business interests in the following companies: Ashland Global Holdings, General Dynamics, Westinghouse, Neurogen, CB Commercial Real Estate, Nortel, BDM International, Quaker Oats, and Kaman.[15] Carlucci was at one time a director of the private security firm Wackenhut,[16] and was a co-founder and senior member of the Frontier Group, a private-equity investment firm.[17] Carlucci was an advisory board member of G2 Satellite Solutions and the Chairman Emeritus of Nortel Networks.[18] OrganizationsCarlucci was affiliated with the Project for the New American Century (PNAC), a conservative think tank.[19] He was Chairman Emeritus of the US-Taiwan Business Council having been Chairman from 1999-2002; he was succeeded in 2003 by William Cohen.[20][21] Carlucci was a member of the Board of Trustees of the RAND Corporation[22] and was founding co-chair of the Advisory Board for RAND's Center for Middle East Public Policy.[23] He was also a member of the Honorary Board of the Drug Policy Alliance, a group which advocates drug legalization.[24] Personal life and deathCarlucci was married to Billie Jean Anthony from 1954 until the couple divorced in 1974.[25] They had two children.[25] Carlucci was later married to Marcia McMillan Myers from 1976 until his death. They had one daughter.[25] Carlucci died on June 3, 2018, from complications of Parkinson's disease, at his home in McLean, Virginia, at the age of 87.[26][27] Honours
References1. ^[https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/washingtonpost/obituary.aspx Frank Carlucci III Notice] 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571285/frank-c-carlucci/ |title=Frank C. Carlucci - Ronald Reagan Administration |work=Office of the Secretary of Defense - Historical Office}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0506/S00418.htm|title=Suzan Mazur: Frank Carlucci I, "Sublime Prince" |website=Scoop News |first= Suzan |last=Mazur |date= June 30, 2005 |accessdate=April 17, 2018}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pionline.com/article/20180604/ONLINE/180609958/frank-carlucci-carlyle-chairman-who-led-pentagon-dies-at-87|title=Frank Carlucci, Carlyle chairman who led Pentagon, dies at 87|publisher=Pensions and Investments|accessdate=June 4, 2018|date=June 4, 2018}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/974745.stm |title=Who Killed Lumumba? |author=David Akerman |publisher=BBC |date=October 21, 2000}} 6. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dIhZxpoZVIQC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=Eisenhower+ordered+the+CIA+to+murder+Lumumba&source=bl&hl=en |title=The Eisenhower Years |author=Michael S. Mayer |isbn=978-0-8160-5387-2 |page=44 |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009}} 7. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2000/aug/10/martinkettle |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=President 'ordered murder' of Congo leader |first=Martin |last=Kettle |date=August 10, 2000}} 8. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bTdlU4yGB6YC&pg=PA78&lpg=PA78&dq=August+1960+National+Security+Council+meeting+lumumba&source=bl&hl=en&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5|title=The Assassination of Lumumba|first=Ludo de|last=Witte | authorlink = Ludo De Witte|page=78 |year=2002|publisher=Verso |ISBN=1859844103 |accessdate=April 17, 2018|via=Google Books}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Shorrock |first=Tim | authorlink = Tim Shorrock |coauthors= |title=Company Man |work=The Nation |pages= |language= |publisher= |date=March 14, 2002 |url=http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020325&s=shorrock20020314 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20020921223353/http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20020325&s=shorrock20020314 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=September 21, 2002 |accessdate=May 3, 2009 }} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2002/03/carl-m15.html|title="Carlucci" bleeped from HBO version of Lumumba|publisher=WSWS|date=March 15, 2002|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-06-04/frank-carlucci-carlyle-chairman-who-led-pentagon-dies-at-87|title=Frank Carlucci, Carlyle Chairman Who Led Pentagon, Dies at 87|publisher=Bloomberg|date=June 4, 2018|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 12. ^[https://dn.sapo.pt/2008/11/13/nacional/frank_carlucci_parecia_um_tipico_maf.html Frank Carlucci parecia "um típico mafioso italiano"] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120707214536/http://dn.sapo.pt/2008/11/13/nacional/frank_carlucci_parecia_um_tipico_maf.html |date=July 7, 2012 }}, João Pedro Henriques, 13 de Novembro 2008 13. ^SecDef stories - Frank C. Carlucci, Department of Defense 14. ^{{Cite web|url=http://history.defense.gov/Multimedia/Biographies/Article-View/Article/571285/frank-c-carlucci/|title=Frank C. Carlucci|date=|website=history.defense.gov|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-05|quote=Frank C. Carlucci, who had served as Caspar Weinberger's deputy secretary between 1981 and 1983, succeeded him as secretary of defense.}} 15. ^{{cite web|url=http://google.brand.edgar-online.com/efxapi/EFX_dll/EDGARpro.dll?FetchFilingHtmlSection1?SectionID=517262-129939-140316&SessionID=emE7evqOgVl-zX7|title=BDM International|publisher=Brand.Edgar|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.courthousenews.com/frank-carlucci-demands-his-37-million/|title=Frank Carlucci Demands His $37 Million|publisher=Courthouse News|date=May 30, 2013|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=66956&privcapId=35755336|title=Frank C. Carlucci Biography|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.csis.org/people/frank-c-carlucci|title=Frank C. Carlucci|publisher=CSIS|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 19. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.reasoned.org/e_PNAC2.htm | title=Partial list of people associated with the Project For The New American Century | publisher=Reasoned spirituality | date=December 2004 | accessdate=April 18, 2018 | author=B.W.Holmes}} 20. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.us-taiwan.org/council.html#history | title=About the Council | publisher=US-Taiwan Business Council | accessdate=April 18, 2018}} 21. ^{{cite book | url=https://books.google.co.nz/books?id=9uMlDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Historical Dictionary of the Reagan-Bush Era | publisher=Rowman & Littlefield | author=Conley, Richard S. | year=2017 | pages=50 | isbn=1538101815 | edition=2}} 22. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.rand.org/giving/donor-profiles/carlucci.html | title=The Carluccis Support RAND's Commitment to Follow the Research Wherever It Leads | publisher=RAND | accessdate=April 18, 2018}} 23. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php/Frank_Charles_Carlucci_III | title=Frank Charles Carlucci III | work=SourceWatch | accessdate=April 18, 2018}} 24. ^DPA 2010 Annual Report, p. 22. 25. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/414/000056246/|title=Frank Carlucci|publisher=NNDB|accessdate=June 4, 2018}} 26. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/frank-carlucci-defense-secretary-and-tamer-of-federal-bureaucracies-dies-at-87/2018/06/04/1e34535a-67f9-11e8-bea7-c8eb28bc52b1_story.html?noredirect=on|title = Frank Carlucci, defense secretary and tamer of federal bureaucracies, dies at 87|last = Nelan|first = Bruce|date = June 4, 2018|accessdate = June 4, 2018|website = The Washington Post}} 27. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/04/obituaries/frank-carlucci-dead.html|title=Frank C. Carlucci, Diplomat and Defense Secretary to Reagan, Dies at 87|date=June 4, 2018|publisher=|accessdate=June 4, 2018|via=NYTimes.com}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Cidadãos Estrangeiros Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas|url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=154|website=Página Oficial das Ordens Honoríficas Portuguesas|accessdate=20 March 2019}} External links
|-{{s-bef|before=Graham Claytor}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|years=1981–1983}}{{s-aft|after=Paul Thayer}} |-{{s-bef|before=John Poindexter}}{{s-ttl|title=National Security Advisor|years=1986–1987}}{{s-aft|after=Colin Powell}} |-{{s-bef|before=Caspar Weinberger}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Secretary of Defense|years=1987–1989}}{{s-aft|after=Dick Cheney}} |-{{s-dip}}{{s-bef|before=Stuart Scott}}{{s-ttl|title=United States Ambassador to Portugal|years=1975–1978}}{{s-aft|after=Richard Bloomfield}} |-{{s-gov}}{{s-bef|before=John Francis Blake}}{{s-ttl|title=Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency|years=1978–1981}}{{s-aft|after=Bobby Inman}}{{s-end}}{{USSecDef}}{{NSAA}}{{USDepSecDef}}{{Deputy DCIA}}{{Office of Economic Opportunity Directors}}{{Reagan cabinet}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Carlucci, Frank}} 26 : 1930 births|2018 deaths|20th-century American politicians|Ambassadors of the United States to Portugal|American chairmen of corporations|American people of Italian descent|American people of Swiss descent|American Roman Catholics|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|Carlyle Group people|Deaths from Parkinson's disease|Deputy Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency|Directors of Nortel|Harvard Business School alumni|Military personnel from Pennsylvania|Politicians from Scranton, Pennsylvania|People of the Congo Crisis|Pennsylvania Republicans|Princeton University alumni|Reagan administration cabinet members|United States Deputy Secretaries of Defense|United States National Security Advisors|United States Navy officers|United States Secretaries of Defense|Catholics from Pennsylvania|Wyoming Seminary alumni |
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