“Vuorineuvos”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Vuorineuvos ("mining counselor"; literally "mountain counselor") ({{lang-sv|bergsråd}}) is a Finnish honorary title granted by the President of Finland to leading figures in industry and commerce. The title is honorary and has no responsibilities and no privileges. All Finnish titles are non-hereditary. The only title of equal rank is valtioneuvos.

Origin and history

The vuorineuvos title originated in late 18th Century Sweden when mining played a major role in the economy, including in Swedish-held Finland. During that era five Finns were awarded the title.^[1] From 1809 to 1917 in the semi-autonomous, Russian-ruled Grand Duchy of Finland a further 19 titles were awarded.^[2] The first recipient of the vuorineuvos title in the modern free state of Finland was Baron Fridolf Hisinger, on 17 July 1918. Awarding of the title has evolved to include not only giants of the mining industry but distinguished leaders in other industries and commerce. By 2010, the title had been granted to 295 people.^[3]

Honorees are usually chief executive officers or chairmen of the board of major corporations. As of 2007, the title had been held by only one woman, Irja Ketonen, the principal owner and CEO of Turun Sanomat corporation.

High taxation of the title

The persons proposing that the honorary vuorineuvos title be conferred on someone are required to pay to the Finnish government a stamp duty.^[4] (48,400 euros in 2007^[3]).

The kauppaneuvos title dating back to the same era, by comparison, is taxed at the rate of 33,300 euros.^[3]

Rejection of the title by notable would-be honorees

Antti Ahlström, the founder of Ahlstrom; Jorma Ollila, the former CEO of Nokia; and Pekka Herlin of KONE have refused the title out of personal preference.

Translation advisory from the translation service of the Finnish prime minister's office

According to the translation service of the Finnish prime minister's office, there is no official or established English translation for the vuorineuvos title.

If it cannot be left out, the prime minister's office advises it best be used untranslated as "the Finnish honorary title of vuorineuvos".^[5]^[6]

In cases in which translators are not able to convince their customers that it is best left out or at least untranslated, the prime minister's office further directs, customers can usually be persuaded to accept the paraphrase "the highly respected industrialist X". Otherwise, a possible translation that does not ridicule the title holder would be "senior industrialist X", but this still conveys a very incorrect picture of Finnish society. "X, senior industrialist" would be a bit better.

List of notable persons with the title

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/talousvaikuttajat/?p=5 | title=Ruotsin ajan neuvokset 1762-1808 | author= |date= | accessdate=September 3, 2013}}
2. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/talousvaikuttajat/?p=6 | title=Autonomian ajan neuvokset 1809-1917 | author= |date= | accessdate=September 3, 2013}}
3. ^¹²{{cite web | url=http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/vuorineuvos+on+halutuin+arvonimi/a2055795 | title=Vuorineuvos on halutuin arvonimi | author=Riitta Korhonen | date=June 4, 2008 | accessdate=September 3, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141208020224/http://www.talouselama.fi/uutiset/vuorineuvos+on+halutuin+arvonimi/a2055795 | archive-date=December 8, 2014 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all }}
4. ^http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/alkup/2001/20011388#Pidp535968
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://vnk.fi/toiminta/kielipalvelut/sanastot/pdf/arvonimet.pdf |title=Translation Service of the Prime Minister's Office |access-date=2014-08-15 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6RqvpTsAH?url=http://vnk.fi/toiminta/kielipalvelut/sanastot/pdf/arvonimet.pdf |archive-date=2014-08-15 |dead-url=no |df= }}
6. ^http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:ISBN:978-952-287-341-5