“Waitakere (New Zealand electorate)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Waitakere was a parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate was first formed for the {{NZ election link|1946}} and existed until {{NZ election link year|2014}}, with breaks from 1969 to 1978 and from 1987 to 1993. The last MP for Waitakere was Paula Bennett of the National Party, who had held this position since the {{NZ election link|2008}}.

Population centres

The 1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. The North Island gained a further two electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of the country quota through the Electoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including Waitakere.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=91–96}}

Waitakere was based around the western suburbs of Auckland. Given the nature of population growth in greater Auckland, and the addition of three new seats in Auckland, the boundaries of Waitakere moved around at every electoral redistribution; in 1999, they were moved northwards as far as Helensville before being pulled back south three years later. In its last boundaries before abolition, the electorate included the Waitakere City suburbs of Henderson, Ranui and Swanson before heading west over the Waitakere Ranges to Piha.

Waitakere was first abolished in the 1967 electoral redistribution, which resulted from the Electoral Act 1965 that fixed the number of South Island electorates at 25. As a result, three additional electorates were created in the North Island, and one additional in the South Island. One of those new electorates was {{NZ electorate link|Henderson}}, which took over most of Waitakere's area. These changes came into effect with the {{NZ election link|1969}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=106, 111}} Henderson existed for three electoral cycles and was abolished again through the 1977 electoral redistribution, when Waitakere was recreated; this came into effect with the {{NZ election link|1978}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=115, 119}}

The 1987 electoral redistribution took the continued population growth in the North Island into account, and two additional general electorates were created, bringing the total number of electorates to 97. In the South Island, the shift of population to Christchurch had continued.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=127f}} Overall, three electorates were newly created, three electorates were recreated, and four electorates were abolished (including Waitakere). All of those electorates were in the North Island. Changes in the South Island were restricted to boundary changes.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|pp=123–128}} These changes came into effect with the {{NZ election link|1987}}.{{sfn|McRobie|1989|p=127}} Waitakere was abolished from 1984 to 1993, and then abolished again in 2014 to make way for new electorates {{NZ electorate link|Kelston}} and {{NZ electorate link|Upper Harbour}}.^[1]^[2]

History

The Waitakere electorate existed from the 1946 election to 1969, and from the 1978 election to 1987. This seat was held in an unbroken run by Labour for the whole of these two periods.

The name Waitakere was reclaimed and applied to a new seat in 1993, which was expanded ahead of the introduction of Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting in 1996 election at the expense of the former seats of Henderson and Titirangi.^[3]

A high turnout for the Alliance in West Auckland in 1996 split the left wing vote and denied then-Titirangi MP and Waitakere candidate Suzanne Sinclair re-election to Parliament, to the benefit of Marie Hasler, also a former Titirangi MP. In 2002 Lynne Pillay was elected over Alliance leader Laila Harré. In 2005 Pillay was re-elected with a five thousand vote majority over National's Paula Bennett. In a nationwide swing towards the National Party in 2008 Bennett managed to unseat Pillay, with a majority of 632.

In November 2013, it was proposed that the Waitakere electorate be abolished for the 2014 general election.^[9] The electorate was mainly subsumed by Helensville, Te Atatū, and the new Kelston electorate, with a small section moving to the new Upper Harbour electorate.^[1]

Members of Parliament

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Waitakere electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election results

2011 election

Due to the closeness of the election in Waitakere a judicial recount was undertaken on 16 December and it was confirmed that Bennett has beaten Sepuloni by nine votes on 17 December.

2008 election

2005 election

2002 election

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Waitakere for a list of candidates.

1993 election

1984 election

1981 election

1978 election

1966 election

1963 election

1960 election

1957 election

1954 election

1951 election

1949 election

1946 election

Notes

1. ^¹Electoral boundary maps redrawn. 3 News NZ. 21 November 2013.
2. ^Bennett to contest new seat. Radio NZ. 21 November 2013.
3. ^{{cite web | title=Waitakere 55 | url=http://electionresults.govt.nz/electionresults_1996/pdf/6.1%20Waitakere%2055.pdf | publisher=Electoral Commission | accessdate=13 June 2015}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/politics-news/labour-chooses-waitakere-candidate-3425258 |title=Labour chooses Waitakere candidate |date=21 March 2010 |agency=Newstalk ZB |work=Television New Zealand |accessdate=1 December 2011}}
5. ^{{cite news| last = Backhouse | first = Matthew |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10772238 |title= John key Calls for Judicial Recount |date=10 December 2011| agency= New Zealand Herald | accessdate= 13 December 2011 | work=The New Zealand Herald}}
6. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10773368 | work=The New Zealand Herald | title=Paula Bennett reclaims Waitakere | date=16 December 2011}}
7. ^
8. ^{{cite news |url= http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10773840 |title=Questions over Waitakere vote |work=nzherald.co.nz |quote='Those 393, not only were they not on the roll in Waitakere, but they weren't enrolled anywhere.' |accessdate=18 December 2011 |first=Kathryn |last=Powley |date=18 December 2011}}
9. ^{{cite news |last=Gower |first=Patrick |title=Boundary changes could swing the election |url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Boundary-changes-could-swing-the-election/tabid/1607/articleID/322149/Default.aspx#.UoxnyuL66Lw |accessdate=20 November 2013 |newspaper=3 News |date=20 November 2013}}
10. ^Waitakere results, 2011
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.elections.org.nz/ages/ |title= Enrolment statistics |publisher= Electoral Commission |date= 11 November 2011 |accessdate= 17 November 2011}}
12. ^2008 election results
13. ^election result Waitakare 2005
14. ^Official Count Results -- Waitakere, 2002
15. ^{{cite techreport |ref={{sfnref|Election results|1993}} |title=Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place |publisher=New Zealand Chief Electoral Office |year=1993 |pages=126}}
16. ^{{cite web |title= The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52 |url= http://www3.stats.govt.nz/New_Zealand_Official_Yearbooks/1951-52/NZOYB_1951-52.html |publisher= Statistics New Zealand |accessdate= 19 November 2012}}
17. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1949 |url= http://atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&d=AJHR1950-I.2.3.2.43 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=3 January 2014 |pages=1–5, 8 |year=1950}}
18. ^{{cite web |title=The General Election, 1946 |url= http://www.atojs.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/atojs?a=d&cl=search&d=AJHR1947-I.2.4.2.38 |publisher=National Library |accessdate=1 January 2014 |pages=1–11, 14 |year=1947}}