| 词条 | Walcher of Malvern |
| 释义 |
Life and WorkWalcher was from Lotharingia, a region influenced by the new scientific ideas coming from Spain,[2] and arrived in England around 1091. Using an astrolabe to measure the time of several solar and lunar eclipses with an accuracy of about fifteen minutes. [3] Based on these observations, he computed a set of tables giving the time of the new moons from 1036 through 1111, which were considered important for medical astrology. His later observations revealed significant errors in his tables,[4] reflecting the limitations of early medieval astronomical theory.[5] [6] In his later De Dracone (ca. 1116), Walcher drew on the knowledge of Arabic astronomy that his master, Petrus Alfonsi, had brought from Spain.[7] De Dracone discussed the motion of the lunar nodes (the head and tail of the dragon) and their significance for the computation of lunar and solar eclipses.[8] In De Dracone, Walcher recorded angles in degrees, minutes, and seconds, although he wrote these numbers using Roman, rather than Arabic numerals.[9] Walcher was Prior of Malvern Priory from 1120 to 1135. Walcher's gravestone in St Anne's Chapel at the Priory Church records his abilities: Philosophus dignus, bonus astrologus lotharingus, Vir pius et humilis, monachus, prior hujus ovilis Hic jacet in cista geometricus et abacista, Doctor Walcherus; flet plebs, dolet undique clerus; Huic lux prima mori dedit Octobris seniori; Vivat ut in coelis exoret quisque fidelis. MCXXXV. "In this chest lies Doctor Walcher, a worthy philosopher, a good astronomer, a Lotharingian, a pious and humble man, a monk, the prior of his sheepfold, a geometer and abacist. The people mourn, the clergy grieve on all sides. The first day of October brought death to this elderly man. May each believer pray that he may live in heaven. 1135."[10] As head of the Priory he would have been a very influential figure in the county of Worcestershire. Notes1. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=1–7}} 2. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=15–17}} 3. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=114–5, 240–5}} 4. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=188–90, 268–70}} 5. ^{{ Citation | last = Haskins | first = Charles Homer | author-link = Charles Homer Haskins | date = 1927 | title = Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science | chapter = The Introduction of Arabic Science into England | publisher = Harvard University Press | place = Cambridge | pages = 112-117 }} 6. ^1 {{ Citation | last = McCluskey | first = Stephen C. | title = Astromomies and Cultures in Early Medieval Europe | publisher = Cambridge University Press | place = Cambridge | year = 1998 | pages = 180-184 | isbn = 0-521-58361-6 }} 7. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=46–55}} 8. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=194–5, 271–2}} 9. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|pp=194–7, 275–7}} 10. ^{{harvtxt|Nothaft|2017|p=10}} The date of 1135 was found on the original version of the marker; the present, restored, version has 1125. References
17 : 11th-century births|12th-century deaths|Anglo-Normans|Medieval English astrologers|Medieval English astronomers|Medieval English mathematicians|Medieval French mathematicians|Medieval French astrologers|Medieval French astronomers|Priors of Great Malvern|Malvern, Worcestershire|11th-century astrologers|12th-century astrologers|12th-century English writers|12th-century Latin writers|12th-century mathematicians|12th-century astronomers |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。