“Waldeyer's tonsillar ring”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Waldeyer's tonsillar ring

释义

Structure
Terminology Variation Development
Clinical significance
Etymology
Other animals
References

{{Infobox lymph
| Name = Waldeyer's ring
| Latin = anulus lymphoideus pharyngis
| Image = Lymph_node_regions.svg
| Caption = Regional lymphatics. Waldeyer ring labeled at center top.
}}

Waldeyer's tonsillar ring (pharyngeal lymphoid ring or Waldeyer's lymphatic ring) is a ringed arrangement of lymphoid tissue in the pharynx. Waldeyer's ring surrounds the naso- and oropharynx, with some of its tonsillar tissue located above and some below the soft palate (and to the back of the mouth cavity).

The ring consists of the (from top to bottom):

1 pharyngeal tonsil
2 tubal tonsils
2 palatine tonsils
1 lingual tonsil

Structure

The ring consists of the (from top to bottom):

1 pharyngeal tonsil (or "adenoids"), are located on the roof of the nasopharynx, under the sphenoid bone.
2 tubal tonsils on each side, where each auditory tube opens into the nasopharynx
2 palatine tonsils (commonly called "the tonsils"), are located in the oropharynx
1 group of lingual tonsil are located on the back part of the tongue

Terminology

Some authors speak of two pharyngeal tonsils/two adenoids. These authors simply look at the left and right halves of the pharyngeal tonsil as two tonsils. Many authors also speak of lingual tonsils (in the plural), because this accumulation of lymphoid tissue consists of a number of little prominences – many smaller rounded masses. Whether to collectively call all these a single tonsil or separate tonsils is to an extent an arbitrary decision.{{uncited|date=October 2017}}

Variation

There also normally is a good amount of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) present between all these tonsils (intertonsillar) around the ring, and more of this lymphoid tissue can variably be found more or less throughout at least the naso- and oropharynx.{{uncited|date=October 2017}}

Development

The tubual tonsils usually develops from an accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal tonsil.{{uncited|date=October 2017}}

Clinical significance

The pharyngeal tonsils when inflamed/swollen, more common in children, can obstruct respiration{{uncited|date=October 2017}}

Inflammation of the tonsils is called tonsillitis and removal is called tonsillectomy.

Etymology

Waldeyer's ring was named after the nineteenth-century German anatomist Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz.^[1]

Other animals

Some animals, but not humans, have one or two additional tonsils:

Soft palate tonsil
Paraepiglottic tonsil

References

1. ^{{WhoNamedIt|synd|2061}}

4 : Lymphatics of the head and neck|Tonsil|Lymphoid organ|Pharynx

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