| 词条 | Walid Muallem |
| 释义 |
|name = Walid Muallem وليد المعلم |image = Walid Muallem.jpg |img_size = 220px | caption = Muallem during his meeting with the British Foreign Secretary David Miliband (July 2009) |office1 = Deputy Prime Minister of Syria |term_start1 = 23 June 2012 |term_end1 = |primeminister1 = Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi |predecessor1 = Abdullah al-Dardari |successor = |office2 = Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates |term_start2 = 14 April 2011 |term_end2 = |primeminister2 = Adel Safar Riyad Farid Hijab Wael Nader al-Halqi |predecessor2 = Himself (as Minister of Foreign Affairs) Joseph Sweid (as Minister of Expatriates) |successor2 = |office3 = Minister of Foreign Affairs |term_start3 = 21 February 2006 |term_end3 = 29 March 2011 |primeminister3 = Muhammad Naji al-Otari |predecessor3 = Farouk al-Sharaa |successor3 = Himself (as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates) |office4 = Ambassador of Syria to the United States |term_start4 = 1 January 1990 |term_end4 = 31 December 2000 |president4 = Hafez al-Assad |predecessor4 = Rafic Jouejati |successor4 = Rustum Al-Zubi |birth_name=Walid Mohi Edine al Muallem |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1941|1|13}} |birth_place = Damascus, Syria |party = Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party |alma_mater = |religion = Sunni Islam |spouse = |children = }} Walid Mohi Edine al Muallem[1] ({{lang-ar|وليد محيي الدين المعلم}}; born 13 January 1941) is a Syrian diplomat and Ba'ath Party member who has served as Foreign Minister since 21 February 2006. Early life and educationWalid Muallem was born into a Sunni family on 13 January 1941 in Damascus.[1] He received primary and secondary education in public schools from 1948 to 1960. Then he obtained a bachelor of arts degree in economics from Cairo University in 1963.[3] CareerMuallem is a member of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[2] Muallem began his career at foreign ministry in 1964 and served in Syrian missions to Tanzania, Saudi Arabia, Spain and England.[3] He served as Syria's Ambassador to Romania from 1975 to 1980. Next he became the head of authentication and translation department at the foreign ministry in 1980 and his term ended in 1984.[3] Later he served as the head of private offices department from 1984 to 1990. After serving as Syria's ambassador to the United States from 1990 to 2000, Muallem was named as assistant foreign minister in 2000. He was appointed deputy foreign minister in 2005[3] and given the Lebanese file by president Bashar Assad.[4] He was appointed as minister of foreign affairs on 11 February 2006 during a cabinet reshuffle in which his predecessor Farouk al-Sharaa became vice-president.[3][5] Muallem stated in August 2006, "I am ready to be one of Hassan Nasrallahʹs soldiers."[6] He also stated that Syria has a special relationship with Iran.[6] He was involved in Israeli-Syrian negotiations, both before and during his tenure as foreign minister.[7] Syrian Civil WarEarly on in the Syrian Civil War, Muallem held frequent press conferences with Syrian media and Arab outlets.[8] In August 2012, Muallem gave his first interview with a Western journalist since the start of the civil war,[9] in English, saying that the United States slogan of "fighting international terrorism when ... supporting this terrorism in Syria" and stating the government's position that the United States was "the major player against Syria" as it sought to contain Iran. He denied the existence of the Shabiha, pro-government, paid militiamen alleged to have committed atrocities early on during the civil war while blaming 60% of Syria's violence on Turkey, Qatar and Saudi Arabia "with the United States exercising its influence over all others".[9] In October 2012, after United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon urged Syria to show compassion in light of the growing humanitarian crisis, Muallem spoke at the United Nations and blamed the United States, France, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar for "aid[ing] terror" and "blatant interference" in Syria's affairs, mainly by supplying rebel groups with arms and money calling for Bashar al-Assad to step down.[10][11] He called Western concerns over chemical weapons use "a joke" and a pretext for an Iraq War-like campaign.[12] Later that month, Muallem also rejected calls by Ban to declare a unilateral ceasefire, insisting that governments that "finance, train and deliver weapons to the armed groups, notably Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Turkey" be stopped.[13] In December 2012, he further blamed United States and European Union sanctions for the suffering in Syria.[14] In January 2013, after United Nations and Arab League envoy Lakhdar Brahimi said Bashar al-Assad should not take part in a transitional government, Muallem called on opposition groups to join a new cabinet under al-Assad, so long as they "reject foreign intervention."[15] During his speech during the Sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly on September 2013, Muallem claimed that "terrorists from more than 83 countries" are killing Syrian soldiers and civilians and compared the recent events of the Syrian Civil War to the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States. In a separate interview with BBC correspondent Jeremy Bowen, Muallem said that the international peace talks were vital for Syria's future while these talks in Geneva "cannot succeed" while Turks, Saudis and Qataris are helping the rebels.[16] In January 2014, Muallem participated in the Geneva II Conference on Syria at Montreux. He described the opposition as traitors and terrorists in his initial speech while accusing a number of states of supporting terrorism and deliberately attempting to destabilize Syria.[17] Despite the conference rules permitting only ten minutes to each speaker, Muallem talked for over forty minutes before finishing and repeatedly ignored Ban Ki-moon attempts to conclude his speech.[18] In February 2016, after Saudi Arabia was planning to send its troops to Syria in order to fight against the Islamic State, Muallem warned that any foreign army soldiers who enter Syria without government consent would "return home in wooden coffins".[19] Following the September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid which killed up to 100 Syrian soldiers, Muallem said that the Syrian government "holds the United States fully responsible because facts show that it was an intentional attack, and not an error, even if the United States claims otherwise."[20] Personal lifeMuallem is married and has three children.[21] See also
References1. ^{{cite news|title=Major cabinet reshuffle|url=https://wikileaks.org/cable/2006/02/06DAMASCUS601.html|accessdate=25 March 2013|newspaper=Wikileaks|date=13 February 2006}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last=Moubayed |first=Sami |title=The faint smell of jasmine |journal=Al Ahram Weekly |date=26 May – 1 June 2005 |volume=744 |url=http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm |accessdate=2 March 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130325171127/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2005/744/re3.htm |archivedate=25 March 2013 |df= }} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title=His Excellency Walid Muhi Eddine Moallem|url=http://www.arabdecision.org/show_cv_3_5_3_1_3_577735424.htm|publisher=Arab Decision|accessdate=9 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite book|author=Robert G. Rabil|title=Syria, The United States, and the War on Terror in the Middle East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M18Jj0bMMl0C&pg=PA193|accessdate=8 March 2013|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-275-99015-2|pages=191}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Assad keeps Moualem as foreign minister in new govt|url=http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/assad-keeps-moualem-as-foreign-minister-in-new-govt|accessdate=2 March 2013|newspaper=Reuters|date=14 April 2011|location=Amman|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130416021318/http://www.trust.org/alertnet/news/assad-keeps-moualem-as-foreign-minister-in-new-govt|archivedate=16 April 2013|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^1 {{cite journal|title=Syria. Brokering Hate on Israel's Border |format=PDF |publisher=American Jewish Committee |url=http://www.ajc.org/atf/cf/%7BF56F4495-CF69-45CB-A2D7-F8ECA17198EE%7D/SYRIA081609.PDF |page=12 |date=August 2006 |accessdate=9 March 2013}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4992|title=Interview: Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem|newspaper=Foreign Policy|date=10 June 2009}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.alarabiya.net/views/2011/12/03/180564.html|title=Walid Muallem: A mistake or a masterstroke?|newspaper=Al Arabiya|first=Diana|last=Mukkaled|date=3 December 2011|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/exclusive-we-believe-that-the-usa-is-the-major-player-against-syria-and-the-rest-are-its-instruments-8082457.html|title=Exclusive: 'We believe that the USA is the major player against Syria and the rest are its instruments'|first=Robert|last=Fisk|date=28 August 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19788780|title=States backing Syria rebels 'aid terror' - Walid Muallem|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 October 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/55460-ban-urges-syria-to-show-compassion-to-its-people|title=Ban Urges Syria to Show 'Compassion' to Its People|work=Nahar Net online|date=1 October 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/10/01/241218.html|title=U.S. wants to repeat Iraqi chemical weapons scenario in Syria: Muallem|newspaper=Al Arabiya|date=1 October 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 13. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2012/Oct-10/190885-damascus-rejects-un-chief-call-for-unilateral-ceasefire.ashx|title=Damascus rejects UN chief call for unilateral ceasefire|newspaper=The Daily Star |date=10 October 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/64749|title=Muallem Says 'Sanctions behind Syrians' Suffering'|newspaper=Naharnet|date=15 December 2012|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 15. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-21106163|title=Syria crisis: Foreign Minister Muallem calls for talks|newspaper=BBC News|date=19 January 2013|accessdate=16 February 2013}} 16. ^{{cite web|title='Foreign terrorists' fighting in Syria - Walid Muallem|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-24338060|publisher=BBC|date=30 September 2013}} 17. ^[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25836827 BBC News - Syria Geneva II peace talks witness bitter exchanges] 18. ^‘It took me 12 hours to get here!’ Syrian FM bickers with Ban Ki-moon - Al Arabiya News 19. ^{{cite web|title=Syria says any foreign troops would 'return in coffins'|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/02/syria-foreign-troops-return-coffins-160206192130276.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|date=7 February 2016}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=Syria at UN says confident of military victory|url=http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/afp/2016/09/un-assembly-syria-conflict.html|publisher=Al-Monitor|date=24 September 2016}} 21. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Walid al Muallem |url=http://sana.sy/eng/article/238.htm |publisher=SANA |accessdate=22 July 2012 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503124236/http://www.sana.sy/eng/article/238.htm |archivedate=3 May 2012 |df= }} External links
8 : 1941 births|Living people|Cairo University alumni|Foreign ministers of Syria|Ambassadors of Syria to the United States|Ambassadors of Syria to Romania|Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region politicians|Syrian Sunni Muslims |
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