| 词条 | Walla Walla Council (1855) |
| 释义 |
The Walla Walla Council (1855) was a meeting in the Pacific Northwest between the United States and sovereign tribal nations of the Cayuse, Nez Perce, Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Yakama.[1] The council occurred from May 29-June 11, 1855.[2] The treaties signed at this council on June 9[3] were ratified by the U.S. Senate in 1859.[4] These treaties codified the constitutional relationship between the people living on the Nez Perce, Umatilla, and Yakama reservations. This treaty was one of the earliest treaties obtained in the Pacific Northwest. Washington's first governor Isaac I. Stevens secured this treaty, allowing larger portions of the land to be given to the two largest and most powerful tribes the Yakimas and Nez Perces. These reservations encompassed most of their traditional hunting grounds. The smaller tribes moved to the smaller of the three reservations. Stevens was able to acquire forty-five thousand square miles of land.[5] See also
Notes1. ^{{cite journal | last = Trafzer | first = Clifford E. | date = Fall 2005 | url = http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ohq/106.3/trafzer.html | title = Legacy of the Walla Walla Council, 1955 | journal = Oregon Historical Quarterly | volume = 106 | issue = 3 | pages = 398–411 | issn = 0030-4727}} 2. ^{{Cite web|title = Walla Walla 2020 {{!}} Walla Walla Treaty Council of 1855|url = http://ww2020.net/historic-sites/walla-walla-treaty-council-of-1855/|website = ww2020.net|accessdate = 2015-12-14}} 3. ^{{Cite web|title = Umatilla Relationships with US - Making Treaties|url = http://www.trailtribes.org/umatilla/making-treaties.htm|website = www.trailtribes.org|accessdate = 2015-12-14}} 4. ^{{cite book | last = United States Senate | authorlink = United States Senate | title = Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America v.11 |year= 1859 | pages = 82 | url = http://memory.loc.gov/ll/llej/011/0000/00840082.tif}} 5. ^{{cite book|last1=Schwantes|first1=Carlos Arnaldo|title=The Pacific Northwest|date=1996|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln|isbn=0-8032-4225-5}} External links
| work = Center for Columbia River History | title = Treaty with the Nez Perce 1855 | url = http://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/treaties/nezperce.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-12 }}
| work = Center for Columbia River History | title = Treaty with the Walla Walla, Cayuse and Umatilla 1855 | url = http://www.ccrh.org/comm/umatilla/primary/treaty.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-12 }}
| work = Center for Columbia River History | title = Treaty with the Yakima 1855 | url = http://www.ccrh.org/comm/river/treaties/yakima.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-12 }}
| work = Center for Columbia River History | title = Walla Walla Council of 1855 | url = http://www.ccrh.org/comm/umatilla/Native5.htm | accessdate = 2007-03-12 }}{{Authority control}} 5 : United States and Native American treaties|History of Washington (state)|1855 treaties|1859 treaties|1855 conferences |
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