“Walmajarri language”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Walmajarri language

释义

Names
Speakers
Phonology
Vowels Consonants
Morphology
Syntax
References
External links

{{Use Australian English|date=August 2018}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}{{Infobox language
|name=Walmajarri
|region=Western Australia
|ethnicity=Walmadjari
|speakers=283
|date=2016 census
|ref=^[1]
|familycolor=Australian
|fam1=Pama–Nyungan
|fam2=Ngumpin–Yapa
|fam3=Ngumbin
|dia1=Walmatjarri
|dia2=Tjuwalinj
|dia3=Pililuna
|iso3=wmt
|glotto=walm1241
|glottorefname=Walmajarri
|aiatsis=A66
|notice=IPA
}}

Walmajarri (many other names; see below) is a Pama–Nyungan language spoken in Western Australia by the Walmadjari and related peoples.

Names

Names for this language break down along the three dialects:

Walmajarri, Walmatjarri, Walmatjari, Walmadjari, Walmatjiri, Walmajiri, Walmatjeri, Walmadjeri, Walmadyeri, Walmaharri, Wolmeri, Wolmera, Wulmari
Bililuna, Pililuna
Jiwarliny, Juwaliny, Tjiwaling, Tjiwarlin

Speakers

Communities with a Walmajarri population are:

Bayulu
Djugerari (Cherrabun)
Junjuwa (Fitzroy Crossing)
Looma
Millijidee
Mindibungu (Bililuna)
Mindi Rardi (Fitzroy Crossing)
Mulan
Ngumpan
Wangkajungka (Christmas Creek)
Yakanarra
Yungngora

The Walmajarri people used to live in the Great Sandy Desert. The effects of colonialism took them to the cattle stations, towns and missions in the North and scattered them over a wide area. The geographical distance accounts for the fact that there are several dialects, which have been further polarized by the lack of contact and further influenced by neighbouring languages.

Phonology

Vowels

Front	Back
High	i, iː}}	u, uː}}
Low	{{IPA\|a, aː}}

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal	Apical
	Bilabial	Velar	Palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Stop	p}}	k}}	c}}	t}}	ʈ}}
Nasal	m}}	ŋ}}	ɲ}}	n}}	ɳ}}
Lateral	ʎ}}	l}}	ɭ}}
Rhotic	r}}
Approximant	{{IPA\|w}}		j}}	ɻ}}

Morphology

Warlmajarri is a suffixing language. There are no prefixes.

Syntax

Warlmajarri has 4 syntactic cases: nominative, ergative, dative and assessory case. The cases assign different meanings to the noun phrases of a sentence. Therefore, the word order can vary quite freely. Subject, Object or Verb can appear initial, final, medial in sentence.

However, the second position of a sentence is always reserved for the Verbal Auxiliary. Sometimes referred to as a Catalyst, the Verbal Auxiliary indicates the mood of a sentence (similar to the English auxiliaries), but also cross-references its noun phrases. The person and number of the noun phrases in their syntactic cases are shown in the Verbal Auxiliary.

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://stat.data.abs.gov.au/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=ABS_C16_T09_SA|title=Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)|publisher=ABS|website=stat.data.abs.gov.au|language=en-au|access-date=2017-10-30}}

Hudson, Joyce. (1978). The Walmatjari: An Introduction to the Language and Culture. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics
Hudson, Joyce. (1978). The core of Walmatjari grammar. Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies. New Jersey, U.S.A.: Humanities Press Inc.
Hudson, Joyce & Richards, Eirlys. (1969). The phonology of Walmatjari.
Hudson, Joyce & Richards, Eirlys. (1990). Walmajarri–English Dictionary. Darwin: Summer Institute of Linguistics

External links

Handbook of Western Australian languages South of the Kimberly (Walmajarri)

1 : Ngumbin languages

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。