| 词条 | Walter R. Stubbs |
| 释义 |
|name= Walter R. Stubbs |image= WRStubbs.gif |caption= |order1=18th |office1= Governor of Kansas |term_start1= January 11, 1909 |term_end1= January 13, 1913 |lieutenant1= William J. Fitzgerald Richard J. Hopkins |predecessor1= Edward W. Hoch |successor1= George H. Hodges |office2= Member of the Kansas House of Representatives |term2= 1903{{en dash}}07 |birth_date= November 7, 1858 |birth_place= Wayne County, Indiana |death_date= March 25, 1929 (aged 70) |death_place= Topeka, Kansas |spouse=Stella Stubbs (née Hostettler) |profession= clerk, farmer, mule driver, banker, politician |party= Republican |education= University of Kansas (Did not graduate) |footnotes= }} Walter Roscoe Stubbs (November 7, 1858 {{en dash}} March 25, 1929) was 18th Governor of Kansas. Stubbs, a progressive Republican, was known for his prohibitionist beliefs, as well as for having signed the nation's first blue sky law into effect. BiographyEarly lifeStubbs was born in Wayne County, Indiana, near the city of Richmond, to a family of Quaker heritage.[1] He moved to the small town of Hesper (located about two and a half miles southeast of Eudora) with his family in 1869 and was educated in the Douglas County public school system. For a time, he briefly attended the University of Kansas, but he did not graduate with a degree.[1][2][4] He married Stella Hosteller in 1886, and they had two children, one of whom died on the same day that he was born.[4] In his early life, Stubbs held a few odd jobs, such driving mules and being a clerk, before becoming a railroad contractor.[4][7] After submitting a bid to the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Company to build a railroad connecting St. Louis to Kansas City, Stubbs profited around $250,000. His prowess as a contractor continued, and eventually his business was securing contracts totally around $3{{en dash}}5 million a year.[3][4][7] CareerDuring his middle-age, Stubbs decided to enter into politics, and in 1902, he secured a spot in the Kansas House of Representatives, serving the district in which Douglas County was situated.[3] He quickly emerged as the dominant leader of the progressive wing of the Republican Party, and after his re-election in 1904, he became the Speaker of the House, serving from 1905 to 1906. He won a third term in 1906, and served from 1907 until 1909, until he was elected Kansas governor.[3][4] Stubbs served two terms as governor, from January 11, 1909 to January 13, 1913. Upon ascending to the gubernatorial position, he made a name for himself by calling for the "recall of unworthy or incompetent public officials."[3] As a prohibitionist, he also made it a priority to stamp out illegal bootlegging. Specifically, he focused his attention on Crawford County, Kansas (then nicknamed the "Little Balkans"), where at the time a number of immigrants were making bootleg whiskey to supplement their meager incomes as strip miners.[5][6] According to the criminal justice scholar Ken Peak, "The [Little] Balkans drove him absolutely nuts. He had his hands full and sent people down to the Balkans to clean it up".[6] Despite this immense crack down, however, the governor was unable to eradicate the crime completely from the state.[6] During the Stubbs administration, Kansas also enacted the nation's first state blue sky law, which was promoted by Joseph Norman Dolley, the Kansas state banking commissioner, who had been appointed by the governor on March 3, 1909.[7] Near the end of his second term as governor, Stubbs won his party's nomination for the U.S. Senate. However, in the general election in November 1912, Democrat William H. Thompson, defeated Stubbs in his bid for the office.[8] During this period, Kansas had always had at least one Republican United States Senator. In 1912, Democrat William H. Thompson, defeated Stubbs in his bid for the office. [9] Stubbs was again a candidate for the Senate in 1918, but was narrowly defeated in the Republican primary by Arthur Capper.[10]Upon leaving the governor's office, Stubbs returned to his mansion on Windmill Hill in Lawrence, Kansas, situated just west of the University of Kansas campus. The building, which had been constructed in 1907, was sold by Stubbs in 1922 to KU's Sigma Nu chapter, and to this day, it is still used as their fraternity house.[11][12] DeathAfter suffering with heart trouble for some time, Stubbs died on March 25, 1929 in Topeka, Kansas at the age of 70. He is interred at Oak Hill Cemetery in Lawrence.[4] Electoral historyGovernor of Kansas{{Election box begin no change| title = Governor's election in Kansas, 1908[13] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | candidate = W. R. Stubbs | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 196,692 | percentage = 52.49 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Jeremiah D. Botkin | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 162,385 | percentage = 43.33 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = George F. Hibner | party = Socialist Party of America | votes = 11,721 | percentage = 3.13 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Alfred L. Hope | party = Prohibition Party | votes = 3,886 | percentage = 1.04 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = John W. Northrop | party = Independence Party (United States) | votes = 68 | percentage = 0.02 }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 374,752 | percentage = 100.0 }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | loser = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}}{{Election box begin no change | title = Governor's election in Kansas, 1910[14] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | candidate = W. R. Stubbs | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 162,181 | percentage = 49.76 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = George H. Hodges | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 146,014 | percentage = 44.80 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = S. M. Stallard | party = Socialist Party of America | votes = 15,384 | percentage = 4.72 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = William C. Cady | party = Prohibition Party | votes = 2,373 | percentage = 0.73 }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 325,952 | percentage = 100.0 }}{{Election box hold with party link no change | winner = Republican Party (United States) | loser = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} Senator of Kansas{{Election box begin no change| title = Senator's election in Kansas, 1912[15] }}{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change | candidate = William Howard Thompson | party = Democratic Party (United States) | votes = 172,601 | percentage = 49.34 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = W. R. Stubbs | party = Republican Party (United States) | votes = 151,647 | percentage = 43.35 }}{{Election box candidate with party link no change | candidate = Allan W. Ricker | party = Socialist Party of America | votes = 25,610 | percentage = 7.32 }}{{Election box total no change | votes = 349,858 | percentage = 100.0 }}{{Election box gain with party link no change | winner = Democratic Party (United States) | loser = Republican Party (United States) }}{{Election box end}} References1. ^{{cite web|last1=Higgins|first1=Cindy|title=Fun Trivia|url=http://eudorakshistory.com/fun_trivia/fun_trivia.htm|website=EudoraKSHistory|accessdate=April 29, 2018|date=2017}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Walter R. Stubbs|url=http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_kansas/col2-content/main-content-list/title_stubbs_walter.html|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite encyclopedia|editor1-last=Blackmar|editor1-first=Frank|encyclopedia=Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Embracing Events, Institutions, Industries, Counties, Cities, Towns, Prominent Persons, Etc.|date=1912|publisher=Standard Publishing Company|location=Chicago, IL|title=Stubbs, Walter Roscoe|pages=772{{en dash}}3}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title=Walter R. Stubbs|url=http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/stubblefield-styles.html|publisher=The Political Graveyard|accessdate=30 September 2012}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last1=Connelley|first1=William|title=A Standard History of Kansas and Kansans|url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v2/ch64p1.html|accessdate=September 29, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130613193014/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1918ks/v2/ch64p1.html|archivedate=June 13, 2013|date=1918|chapter=Walter Roscoe Stubbs}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Booze Brothers|url=http://www2.ljworld.com/news/2006/may/01/booze_brothers/?print|accessdate=September 29, 2017|work=Lawrence Journal-World|date=May 1, 2006}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Walter R. Stubbs|url=http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/d3/dolley_joseph_norman.html|publisher=Blue Skyways|accessdate=30 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011114032/http://skyways.lib.ks.us/genweb/archives/1912/d3/dolley_joseph_norman.html|archivedate=October 11, 2012}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.kshs.org/research/topics/politics/essay_governors.htm|title=Governors|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604185120/http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/governors/14491|archivedate=June 4, 2011|publisher=Kansas Historical Society|date=November 2001}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kshs.org/publicat/khq/1935/35_3_titus.htm|title=Voting in Kansas, 1900-1932|author=Titus, Charles|publisher=Kansas Historical Society|date=1935|accessdate=September 29, 2017}} 10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books/reader?id=a7hKAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA26|accessdate=September 29, 2017|title=Biennial Report of the Secretary of State|author=Kansas Secretary of State Office|date=1918|publisher=Kansas State Printing}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Rafferty|first1=Carole|title=Restoring Historic Fraternity Houses|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/05/31/garden/restoring-historic-fraternity-houses.html|accessdate=October 3, 2017|work=New York Times|date=May 31, 1984}} 12. ^{{cite news|title=Fraternity Members Share Supernatural Tales|url=http://www.lawrence.com/news/2003/oct/29/fraternity_members/|accessdate=October 3, 2017|work=Lawrence.com|date=October 29, 2003}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=KS Governor [1908]|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=265559|website=Our Campaigns|accessdate=April 29, 2018}} 14. ^{{cite web|title=KS Governor [1910]|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=265560|website=Our Campaigns|accessdate=April 29, 2018}} 15. ^{{cite web|title=KS US Senate [1912]|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267965|website=Our Campaigns|accessdate=April 29, 2018}} External links
{{s-start}}{{s-off}}{{s-bef|before=Edward W. Hoch}}{{s-ttl|title=Governor of Kansas|years=1909–1913}}{{s-aft|after=George H. Hodges}}{{s-end}}{{Governors of Kansas}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stubbs, Walter R.}} 11 : 1858 births|1929 deaths|American Quakers|Businesspeople from Kansas|Governors of Kansas|Kansas Republicans|Members of the Kansas House of Representatives|People from Wayne County, Indiana|Politicians from Lawrence, Kansas|University of Kansas alumni|Republican Party state governors of the United States |
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