| 词条 | Franz Böhme |
| 释义 |
|name=Franz Böhme |birth_date=15 April 1885 |death_date={{Death date and age|1947|5|29|1885|4|15|df=y}} |birth_place=Zeltweg, Duchy of Styria, Austria-Hungary now Austria |death_place=Nuremberg, Bavaria, Allied-occupied Germany |placeofburial=St. Leonhard-Friedhof, Graz, Austria |image=Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J21813, Franz Böhme.jpg |caption=Franz Böhme |allegiance={{flagicon|Austria-Hungary}} Austria-Hungary (to 1918) {{flagicon|Austria}} First Austrian Republic (to 1938) {{flag|Nazi Germany}} |branch=Austro-Hungarian Army Bundesheer Wehrmacht |serviceyears=1900–1938 (Austria) 1938–1945 (Germany) |rank=Generalmajor (Austria) General der Gebirgstruppe (Germany) |commands=32nd Infantry Division XVIII Mountain Corps 20th Mountain Army |battles=World War I World War II |awards=Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross}} Franz Friedrich Böhme (15 April 1885 – 29 May 1947) was an Austrian general in the Wehrmacht during World War II, serving as Commander of the XVIII Mountain Corps, Hitler's Plenipotentiary Commanding General (Bevollmächtigter Kommandierender General) in the Balkans, and commander-in-chief in German-occupied Norway during World War II. Böhme was arrested for trial by a US Army Tribunal in Nuremberg in the Hostages Trial on a charge of having massacred thousands of Serbian civilians. He committed suicide in prison. CareerDuring the opening years of World War II, Böhme held command of the 30th Infantry Division and 32nd Infantry Division, taking part in the invasion of Poland in September 1939 and in the Battle of France in May and June 1940. On 29 June 1940, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. Between 16 September 1941 and 2 December 1941, as Commanding General and Commander of Serbia, Böhme ordered the reprisal executions of 2,000 civilians in Kragujevac after a partisan assault on 22 soldiers of the 421 Korps-Nachrichten-Abteilung.[1] In December 1943, Böhme was appointed Deputy Commanding General of the XVIII Corps and Commander of Wehrkreis [Military District] XVIII, Salzburg. On 4 June 1944, he was delegated with{{clarify|date=February 2016}} the leadership of the Second Panzer Army in the Balkans with Böhme succeeding Generaloberst Lothar Rendulic. In July 1944, Böhme was transferred to the Army's High Command Leader Reserve, giving up control of the 2nd Panzer Army to General Maximilian de Angelis. Between 8 January 1945 and 7 May 1945, he was Armed Forces Commander of Norway and Commander-in-Chief of the 20th Mountain Army.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} Trial and suicideAfter being captured in Norway, he was brought before the Hostages Trial, a division of the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials, and charged with war crimes committed in Serbia during his control of the region in 1941. He increased the scale of retaliatory strikes against Serbs, killing a hundred Serbs for every German killed, and fifty for every German wounded; this resulted in the massacre of thousands of civilians.[2] When his extradition to Yugoslavia seemed imminent, Böhme committed suicide by jumping from the 4th story of the prison in which he was being held. His body was interred at St. Leonhard-Friedhof in Graz, Austria. {{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} Awards and decorations
ReferencesCitations1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.akademediasrbija.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=251:massacres-and-reprisals-during-the-german-occupation-of-yugoslavia&catid=45:english&Itemid=59 |title=Massacres And Reprisals During The German Occupation Of Yugoslavia |website=Akademediasrbija.com |date= |accessdate=2016-10-20}} 2. ^Weiner, Ofer and Barber 1996, pp. 145–152 3. ^Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 49. 4. ^Fellgiebel 2000, p. 137. Bibliography{{refbegin}}
|last=Fellgiebel |first=Walther-Peer |authorlink=Walther-Peer Fellgiebel |year=2000 |origyear=1986 |title=Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile |trans-title=The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches |language=German |location=Friedberg, Germany |publisher=Podzun-Pallas |isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6 }}
|last1=Patzwall |first1=Klaus D. |last2=Scherzer |first2=Veit |year=2001 |title=Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II |trans-title=The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2 |language=German |location=Norderstedt, Germany |publisher=Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall |isbn=978-3-931533-45-8 }}
|last=Scherzer |first=Veit |year=2007 |title=Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives |trans-title=The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives |language=German |location=Jena, Germany |publisher=Scherzers Militaer-Verlag |isbn=978-3-938845-17-2 }}
before=Generalmajor Kurt von Briesen| after=General der Infanterie Kurt von Briesen| title= Commander of 30. Infanterie-Division| years=1 July 1939 – 19 July 1939 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Nikolaus von Falkenhorst| after=Generalleutnant Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz| title= Commander of 32. Infanterie-Division| years=19 July 1939 – 1 October 1939 }}{{succession box| before=Generalleutnant Eccard Freiherr von Gablenz| after=Generalleutnant Wilhelm Bohnstedt| title= Commander of 32. Infanterie-Division| years=1 December 1939 – 15 June 1940 }}{{succession box| before=Generaloberst Dr. Lothar Rendulic| after=General der Artillerie Maximilian de Angelis| title= Commander of 2. Panzer-Armee| years=24 June 1944 – 17 July 1944 }}{{succession box| before=General Dr. Lothar Rendulic| after=none| title= Commander of 20. Gebirgsarmee| years=8 January 1945 – 7 May 1945 }}{{s-end}}{{Knight's Cross recipients of the 32nd ID}}{{Hostages Trial defendants}}{{People of the Yugoslav Front}}{{Authority control}}{{Subject bar | portal1=Biography | portal2=Military of Germany | portal3=World War I | portal4=World War II | commons=y }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Bohme, Franz}} 19 : 1885 births|1947 deaths|People from Zeltweg|Austro-Hungarian Army officers|Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I|Generals of Mountain Troops|Austrian military personnel who committed suicide|Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class|Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Liberty, 1st Class|Recipients of the Gold German Cross|Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross|Suicides by jumping in Germany|Austrian people who died in prison custody|People who committed suicide in prison custody|Yugoslavia in World War II|Gebirgsjäger of World War II|People indicted by the United States Nuremberg Military Tribunals|Austrian military personnel of World War II|Austrian generals |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。