| 词条 | Franz, Duke of Bavaria |
| 释义 |
| name = Franz | title = Duke of Bavaria | image = Prinz franz von bayern.jpg | caption = Portrait by {{ill|Dieter Stein (Illustrator)|lt=Dieter Stein|de|Dieter Stein (Illustrator)}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1933|7|14|df=y}} | birth_place = Munich, Germany | succession = Head of the House of Wittelsbach | reign = 8 July 1996 – present | reign-type = Tenure | house = Wittelsbach | father = Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria | mother = Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan | predecessor = Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria | successor = Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria | suc-type = Heir presumptive }}{{Bavarian Royal Family}} Franz, Duke of Bavaria (German: Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern; born 14 July 1933) is head of the House of Wittelsbach, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria. His great-grandfather King Ludwig III was the last ruling monarch of Bavaria until deposed in 1918. Franz was born in Munich. During the Second World War, the Wittelsbachs were anti-Nazi.[1] The family initially left Nazi Germany for Hungary but were eventually arrested when Germany invaded the country in 1944. Franz was only 11 at the time. He spent time in several Nazi concentration camps, including Oranienburg and Dachau.[1] After the war, he was a student at the University of Munich and became a collector of modern art. Franz succeeded as head of the House of Wittelsbach, and as pretender to the Bavarian throne, on the death of his father in 1996. He lives at the Nymphenburg Palace in Munich. Franz is not married.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} Also the current heir-general of King James II of England and VII of Scotland, Franz is, as Francis II, considered – by Jacobites – to be the legitimate heir of the Stuart kings of England, Scotland, Ireland and France.[2] A spokesman has said that "the Duke generally does not comment on issues concerning his familiar relationship to the Royal House of Stuart."[3] BirthFranz was born on 14 July 1933 in Munich, the son of Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria, and his morganatic wife, Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan of the House of Drašković, a Croatian noble family. On 18 May 1949, when Franz was 15, his grandfather Crown Prince Rupprecht recognised the marriage of Franz's parents as dynastic, and Franz became a prince of Bavaria.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The Wittelsbach dynasty were opposed to the Nazi regime in Germany, and in 1939, Franz's father Albrecht took his family to Hungary. They lived in Budapest for four years before moving to their Castle at Sárvár in late 1943. In March 1944, Nazi Germany occupied Hungary, and on 6 October 1944 the entire family, including the 11-year-old Franz, were arrested. They were sent to a series of Nazi concentration camps, including Oranienburg and Dachau. At the end of April 1945, they were liberated by the United States Third Army.[5] EducationAfter the war, Franz received his high-school education at the Benedictine Abbey of Ettal. He then studied business management at the University of Munich and in Zurich. Franz developed a passion for collecting modern art. Items from his private collection are on permanent loan to the Pinakothek der Moderne in Munich.[4] He is also an honorary trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.[1] Current activitiesHis 80th birthday party, in 2013, was held at the Schleissheim Palace near Munich. The party was attended by 2,500 guests,[5] including the former Minister-President of Bavaria, Horst Seehofer.[6] In 2016, he became the donor of the project of restoration of the Statue of St. John of Nepomuk in Divina, Slovakia, realised under auspices of the Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany in Slovakia. The project was honoured by patronage of His Majesty Norodom Sihamoni, the king of Cambodia and His Majesty Simeon II, the last tsar of Bulgaria.[7] The project was completed in the year 2017.[8] Succession rightsFranz has never married. The heir presumptive to the headship of the House of Wittelsbach is his brother Prince Max, Duke in Bavaria. Because Max has five daughters but no sons, he is followed in the line of succession by his and Franz's first cousin Prince Luitpold[9] and, in the next generation, by the latter's son Prince Ludwig Heinrich of Bavaria (b. 1982). Link to the StuartsThe current senior heir-general of King James II of England and VII of Scotland, Franz is, as King Francis II, considered by Jacobites to be the legitimate successor to the Stuart kings of England, France, Scotland, and Ireland.[2] It is not, however, a claim which he pursues.[2][10][11][12][13][14] The Jacobite succession, following English common law, transmits the right to the throne to or through women, and their descendants, whenever they have no brothers, unlike the semi-Salic law of the Wittelsbachs in Bavaria which only allows women to accede once all the men in the dynasty have expired. Therefore, the Jacobite succession will pass to Prince Max's eldest daughter, Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein.[15] Franz is descended from the House of Stuart through the following persons:
Franz's successors to the Jacobite claim are:
Titles, styles and honoursTitles and stylesFranz uses the titles Duke of Bavaria, of Franconia and in Swabia, Count Palatine of the Rhine,[16] plus the style "His Royal Highness".[5] [17][18]
Franz was styled Prinz von Bayern at birth.[19] In 1996, after the death of his father, he changed his style to Herzog von Bayern ('Duke of Bavaria').[20] Honours
AcademicHe is a Hereditary Senator of the University of Munich[28] and an Honorary Member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities. OtherHe holds many honorary positions in civic and religious organisations in Bavaria. He supports charitable enterprises helping orphans in Romania.[29] Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center | boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc; | boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9; | boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc; | boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc; | boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe; | 1 = 1. Franz, Duke of Bavaria | 2 = 2. Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria | 3 = 3. Countess Maria Draskovich of Trakostjan | 4 = 4. Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria | 5 = 5. Duchess Marie Gabrielle in Bavaria | 6 = 6. Count Dionys Draskovich of Trakostyán | 7 = 7. Princess Juliana of Montenuovo | 8 = 8. Ludwig III of Bavaria | 9 = 9. Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria-Este | 10 = 10. Karl-Theodor, Duke in Bavaria | 11 = 11. Infanta Maria Josepha of Portugal | 12 = 12. Count Pál Draskovich of Trakostyán | 13 = 13. Countess Mária Festetics of Tolna | 14 = 14. Alfred, 2nd Prince of Montenuovo | 15 = 15. Countess Francesa Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau | 16 = 16. Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria | 17 = 17. Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria | 18 = 18. Archduke Ferdinand Karl Viktor of Austria-Este | 19 = 19. Archduchess Elisabeth Franziska of Austria | 20 = 20. Maximilian Joseph, Duke in Bavaria | 21 = 21. Princess Ludovika of Bavaria | 22 = 22. Miguel of Portugal | 23 = 23. Princess Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg | 24 = 24. Count Kelroly Draskovich of Trakostyán | 25 = 25. Countess Erzsébet Batthyány | 26 = 26. Count Denes Festetics of Tolna | 27 = 27. Countess Karolina Zichy | 28 = 28. William Albert, 1st Prince of Montenuovo | 29 = 29. Countess Juliane Batthyány | 30 = 30. Ferdinand Bonaventura, 7th Prince Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau | 31 = 31. Princess Maria of Liechtenstein }} Patrilineal descent{{chart top|Patrilineal descent}}{{colbegin|style=text-align:left|colwidth=35em}}
See also{{commons category}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Cowell|first=Alan|title=Duke Albrecht Is Dead at 91; Pretender to Bavarian Throne|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/07/11/world/duke-albrecht-is-dead-at-91-pretender-to-bavarian-throne.html|accessdate=30 November 2013|newspaper=New York Times|date=11 July 1996}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2008/04/07/nking107.xml|title=Act repeal could make Franz Herzog von Bayern new King of England and Scotland|last=Alleyne|first=Richard|date=7 April 2008|archive-date=17 June 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617000215/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1584184/Act-repeal-could-make-Franz-Herzog-von-Bayern-new-King-of-England-and-Scotland.html|accessdate=22 June 2008|last2=de Quetteville|first2=Harry|work=Daily Telegraph}} 3. ^Walker, Tim, [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/mandrake/3725214/Duke-Francis-of-Bavaria-given-hope-of-claiming-British-throne.html "Duke Francis of Bavaria given hope of claiming British throne"], The Telegraph, 11 September 2011. 4. ^Carla Schulz-Hoffmann and Peter-Klaus Schuster, Deutsche Kunst seit 1960 aus der Sammlung Prinz Franz von Bayern (München: Prestel-Verlag, 1985). 5. ^1 {{cite web|title=The blue-blooded Bavarian Duke|url=http://www.thelocal.de/20130725/51057|publisher=the local.de|date=25 July 2013}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Party fit for a king|url=http://www.thelocal.de/galleries/culture/1909/0/|publisher=The Local.de|accessdate=23 November 2013}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Príbeh svätojánsky, Socha sv. Jána Nepomuckého v Divine / The Story of St. John, Statue of St. John of Nepomuk in Divina / ដំណើររឿងរបស់ St. John, រូបចម្លាក់ St. John Nepomuk នៅក្រុង Divina / Die Johannisgeschichte, Die Staute des hl. Johannes Nepomuk in Divina / Историята на св. Ян, Статуята на св. Ян Непомуцки в Дивина|last=Sobola|first=Marek|publisher=Servare et Manere, o. z. & Kysucké múzeum v Čadci|year=2017|isbn=978-80-972614-3-6|location=Slovakia|pages=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.tkkbs.sk/view.php?cisloclanku=20170605024|title=Biskup Galis požehnal obnovenú sochu sv. Jána Nepomuckého v Divine|last=www.tkkbs.sk|website=www.tkkbs.sk|access-date=2017-08-06}} 9. ^Genealogie des Hauses Wittelsbach. München: Verwaltung des Herzogs von Bayern, 2000. 10. ^{{cite web|author=Andrew Neather|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/london-life/rip-gb-what-will-happen-if-scotland-votes-yes-in-the-referendum-on-independence-9723394.html|title=R.I.P. GB: what happens if Scotland votes Yes in next week's independence referendum?|work=Evening Standard|date=10 September 2014|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 11. ^{{cite web|last=Douglas|first=Jason|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/scotland-ponders-in-independence-referendum-to-leave-or-not-to-leave-1408389397|title=Scottish Independence: Scots Ponder Secession Question in Referendum|work=WSJ|date=19 August 2014|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web|last=Huggler|first=Justin|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/scottish-independence/11102182/Could-the-Duke-of-Bavaria-be-the-next-King-of-Scotland.html|title=Could the Duke of Bavaria be the next King of Scotland?|work=Daily Telegraph|date=17 September 2014|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 13. ^{{cite web|last=Mudie|first=Keir|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics/independence-referendum-duke-bavaria-line-4280699|title=Independence referendum: Duke of Bavaria in line to be next King of Scotland? |publisher=Daily Record|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/peteroborne/100260139/if-scotland-wins-independence-should-they-bring-back-the-stuart-dynasty|title=Opinion|publisher=Blogs.telegraph.co.uk|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 15. ^1 {{cite news|last=Hamilton|first=Tom|title=German Duke could claim Scots throne|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/german-duke-could-clame-scots-973563|accessdate=23 November 2013|newspaper=The Daily Record|date=8 April 2008}} 16. ^Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Band 50, Fürstliche Häuser, Band IX, Limburg an der Lahn 1971, S. 7 17. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.donaukurier.de/lokales/hilpoltstein/Hilpoltstein-Botschafter-des-Landkreises;art596,2845684|accessdate=23 November 2013|newspaper=Donaukurier|date=20 November 2013|title=Hilpoltstein-Botschafter-des-Landkreises}} 18. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.welt.de/print/wams/muenchen/article121482925/Musikalisches-Geschlecht.html|accessdate=23 November 2013|newspaper=Die Welt|date=3 November 2013|title=Musikalisches-Geschlecht}} 19. ^Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Band 50, Fürstliche Häuser Band IX. Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke, 1971, page 7. 20. ^Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Band 141, Fürstliche Häuser Band XVIII. Limburg an der Lahn: C. A. Starke, 2007, page 2. 21. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.bundespraesident.de/SharedDocs/Reden/DE/Joachim-Gauck/Reden/2017/02/170223-OV-Herzog-von-Bayern.html;jsessionid=D8B262654CD84E1368A07FC6B0F913E8.2_cid371?nn=1891550 |title=Der Bundespräsident / Terminkalender / Ordensverleihung an Franz Herzog von Bayern |language=de|website=Bundespraesident.de |date= |accessdate=2017-07-26}} 22. ^ {{dead link|date=July 2017}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.merkur.de/bilder/2017/02/23/7429115/158953471-verleihung-grossen-verdienstkreuzes-36NG.jpg |format=JPG |title=Photographic image |website=Merkur.de |accessdate=2017-07-26}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Franz_von_bayern.JPG |format=JPG |title=Photographic image |website=Upload.wikimedia.org |accessdate=2017-07-26}} 25. ^ {{dead link|date=July 2017}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://berlin.mae.ro/de/local-news/976 |title=Verleihung des Verdienstordens von Rumänien an Herzog Franz von Bayern | BOTSCHAFT VON RUMÄNIEN in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland |website=Berlin.mae.ro |date=2017-07-18 |accessdate=2017-07-26}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=https://berlin.mae.ro/sites/berlin.mae.ro/files/images/img_1385.jpg |format=JPG |title=Photographic image |website=Berlin.mae.ro |accessdate=2017-07-26}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jacobite.ca/genealogy.htm|title=The Jacobite Heritage|publisher=Jacobite.ca|accessdate=23 August 2016}} 29. ^{{cite web|author= |url=http://oiww-history.blogspot.co.uk/2008/04/duke-of-bavaria-princess-and-oi-romania.html |title=Orphans International History: The Duke of Bavaria, a Princess, and OI Romania (2/06) |website=Oiww-history.blogspot.co.uk |date=2008-04-14 |accessdate=2017-07-26}} Bibliography
13 : 1933 births|Living people|People from Munich|Dachau concentration camp survivors|German art collectors|House of Wittelsbach|Jacobite pretenders|Pretenders to the Bavarian throne|Knights of the Golden Fleece|Princes of Bavaria|Recipients of the Order pro merito Melitensi|Knights of the Holy Sepulchre|Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany |
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