| 词条 | Warren K. Lewis |
| 释义 |
Warren Kendall Lewis (21 August 1882 – 9 March 1975) was an MIT professor who has been called the father of modern chemical engineering.[1] He co-authored an early major textbook on the subject[2] which essentially introduced the concept of unit operations. He also co-developed the Houdry process under contract to The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (now ExxonMobil) into modern fluid catalytic cracking with Edwin R. Gilliland, another MIT professor. LifeLewis was born in Laurel, Delaware on 21 August 1882 and went to MIT to study engineering. He took the chemical engineering option from the Department of Chemistry, matriculating in 1901.[3] This so engaged him that he went for postgraduate study of physical chemistry in Breslau, Germany, receiving the degree of DSc in 1908.[1] Shortly after, he returned to MIT to join the teaching staff.[4] Lewis published a paper on "The Theory of Fractional Distillation"[5] which was the basis for subsequent chemical engineering calculation methods. (He later authored 19 patents on distillation.[1]) In 1920 he became the first head of the newly formed Department of Chemical Engineering at MIT[1] a position he held for 13 years before returning to teaching and research. In November 1942 Lewis was appointed to chair a committee to survey the Manhattan Project and review all aspects of the bomb research and development, partly because of du Pont’s doubts about the plutonium process. Their report dated December 4 supported the plutonium project. It also recommended concentrating on the gaseous diffusion process for enriching uranium and building only a small electromagnetic plant. Conant supported building a large electromagnetic plant, which Nichols says was essential to dropping the bomb in August rather than months later. The committee also suggested suitable industrial organisations and ... furnished us with a blueprint for the complete industrial organization of the project which Groves mostly followed ... and gave us more confidence concerning the feasibility of producing sufficient quantities of fissionable material.[6] In April–May 1944 another committee under Lewis recommended construction of the S-50 thermal diffusion plant developed by Philip Abelson of the US Navy. He was made professor emeritus in 1948 and continued to work within the department until his death on 9 March 1975. Honors
References1. ^1 2 3 Biographical Memoirs, National Academy of Science {{Winners of the National Medal of Science|engineering}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewis, Warren K.}}2. ^W. H. Walker, W. K. Lewis & W. H. McAdams (1923) Principles of Chemical Engineering New York, McGraw–Hill 3. ^{{cite news|last1=Hapgood|first1=Fred|title=The Catalyst: MIT professor Warren "Doc" Lewis helped shape modern chemical engineering|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/s/405801/the-catalyst/|accessdate=27 October 2016|work=MIT Technology Review|date=May 10, 2006}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Arthur D. Little, William H. Walker, and Warren K. Lewis |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/arthur-d-little-william-h-walker-and-warren-k-lewis |website=Science History Institute|accessdate=20 March 2018|date=June 2016 }} 5. ^{{cite journal |last1=Lewis |first1=W. K. |title=The theory of fractional distillation |journal=The Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry |date=1909 |volume=1 |issue=8 |pages=522–533 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101056204637;view=1up;seq=476}} 6. ^Kenneth D. Nichols; The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America’s Nuclear Policies Were Made pp. 65–68 (1987, Morrow, New York) {{ISBN|0-688-06910-X}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=SCI Perkin Medal|url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/sci-perkin-medal|website=Science History Institute|accessdate=24 March 2018|date=2016-05-31}} 8. ^Chemical & Engineering News 86 (14) April 7, 2008 (special edition on Priestley Medal) 1947: Warren K. Lewis (1882–1975) 9. ^Warren K. Lewis Award 10. ^Lewis lecture 11 : 1882 births|1975 deaths|American physical chemists|American chemical engineers|American Congregationalists|American textbook writers|American male non-fiction writers|Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|Fluid dynamicists|National Medal of Science laureates|Manhattan Project people |
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