| 词条 | François Magendie |
| 释义 |
|name = François Magendie |image =François Magendie.jpg |image_size =150px |caption = François Magendie in 1822 |birth_date = 6 October 1783 |birth_place = Bordeaux |death_date = 7 October 1855 (aged 72) |death_place = Sannois |residence = |citizenship = |nationality = French |ethnicity = |field = Physiology |work_institutions = |alma_mater = |doctoral_advisor = |doctoral_students = |known_for = Foramen of Magendie |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = Claude Bernard |prizes = |religion = |footnotes = |signature = }} François Magendie (6 October 1783 – 7 October 1855) was a French physiologist, considered a pioneer of experimental physiology. He is known for describing the foramen of Magendie. There is also a Magendie sign, a downward and inward rotation of the eye due to a lesion in the cerebellum. Magendie was a faculty at the College of France, holding the Chair of Medicine from 1830 to 1855 (he was succeeded by Claude Bernard, who worked previously as his assistant). In 1816 he published Précis élementaire de Physiologie which described an experiment first illustrating the concept of empty calories:[1] I took a dog of three years old, fat, and in good health, and put it to feed upon sugar alone...It expired the 32nd day of the experiment. His most important contribution to science was also his most disputed. Contemporaneous to Sir Charles Bell, Magendie conducted a number of experiments on the nervous system, in particular verifying the differentiation between sensory and motor nerves in the spinal cord, the so-called Bell-Magendie law. This led to an intense rivalry, with the British claiming that Bell published his discoveries first and that Magendie stole his experiments. The intensity of this scientific rivalry perhaps can only be compared to that between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke. Magendie was also a notorious vivisector, shocking even many of his contemporaries with the live dissections that he performed at public lectures in physiology. Richard Martin, an Irish MP, in introducing his famous bill banning animal cruelty in the United Kingdom, described Magendie's public dissection of a greyhound, in which the beast was nailed down ear and paw, half the nerves of its face dissected then left overnight for further dissection, calling Magendie a "disgrace to Society." There was a belief among British physicians, even those who defended animal experimentation, that Magendie purposely subjected his experimental animals to needless torture. A Quaker once visited him, questioning him about vivisection; according to Anne Fagot-Largeau's inaugural lesson at the College of France, he responded with much patience, argumenting the reasons of animal experimentation.[2] Besides drawing sharp criticism from contemporaries in both Britain and France, later scientists critical of Magendie's methods included Charles Darwin and Thomas Henry Huxley. Works
Footnotes1. ^Ira Wolinsky (1997) Nutrition in Exercise and Sport, 3rd edition, page 22, CRC Press {{ISBN|0849385601}} {{refbegin}}2. ^Anne Fagot-Largeau's inaugural lesson {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021011332/http://www.college-de-france.fr/media/phi_sci/UPL23788_LI_158_Fagot_Largeault.pdf |date=2007-10-21 }} at the College of France {{fr icon}}
|last=Sourkes |first=Theodore L |authorlink= |date=March 2002 |title=Magendie and the chemists: the earliest chemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid |journal=Journal of the History of the Neurosciences |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=2–10 | pmid = 12012572 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1076/jhin.11.1.2.9109
|last=Haas |first=L F |authorlink= |date=June 1994 |title=François Magendie (1783-1855) |journal=J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=692 | pmid = 8006648 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi = 10.1136/jnnp.57.6.692 |pmc=1072971
|last=Saavedra-Delgado |first=A M |authorlink= |year=1991 |title=François Magendie on anaphylaxis (1839) |journal=Allergy and Asthma Proceedings |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=355–6 | issn = | pmid = 1959774 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi=10.2500/108854191778879160
|last=Bloch |first=H |authorlink= |date=October 1989 |title=Francois Magendie, Claude Bernard, and the interrelation of science, history, and philosophy |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=82 |issue=10 |pages=1259–61 | issn = | pmid = 2678501 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi=10.1097/00007611-198910000-00013
|last=Shampo |first=M A |authorlink= |author2=Kyle R A |date=May 1987 |title=François Magendie: early French physiologist |journal=Mayo Clin. Proc. |volume=62 |issue=5 |pages=412 | issn = | pmid = 3553755 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = | doi=10.1016/s0025-6196(12)65446-9
|last=Rice |first=G |authorlink= |date=April 1987 |title=The Bell-Magendie-Walker controversy |journal=Medical history |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=190–200 | issn = | pmid = 3550329 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=1139711 | doi=10.1017/s0025727300046561
|last=Lazorthes |first=G |authorlink= |author2=Campan L |year=1984 |title=[François Magendie (1783-1855)] |journal=Bull. Acad. Natl. Med. |volume=168 |issue=1–2 |pages=105–11 | issn = | pmid = 6383530 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Breathnach |first=C S |authorlink= |date=November 1983 |title=Biographical sketches No. 34--Magendie |journal=Irish Medical Journal |volume=76 |issue=11 |pages=471 | issn = | pmid = 6358120 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Gallistel |first=C R |authorlink= |date=April 1981 |title=Bell, Magendie, and the proposals to restrict the use of animals in neurobehavioral research |journal=The American Psychologist |volume=36 |issue=4 |pages=357–60 | pmid = 7023302 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1037/0003-066X.36.4.357
|last=Albury |first=W R |authorlink= |year=1977 |title=Experiment and explanation in the physiology of Bichat and Magendie |journal=Studies in history of biology |volume=1 |issue= |pages=47–131 | issn = | pmid = 11609978 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Gans |first=H |authorlink= |date=October 1972 |title=An early example of the use of surgical techniques in solving a physiologic problem (Francois Magendie) |journal=Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics |volume=135 |issue=4 |pages=616–22 | issn = | pmid = 4562124 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=Schiller |first=F |authorlink= |date=July 1971 |title=Magendie on medicine |journal=California Medicine |volume=115 |issue=1 |pages=98 | issn = | pmid = 4327773 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |pmc=1517894
|last=Poynter |first=F N |authorlink= |date=April 1968 |title=Doctors in The Human Comedy (Guillaume Dupuytren, Jean Baptiste Bouillaud, François Joseph Victor Broussais, François Magendie) |journal=JAMA |volume=204 |issue=1 |pages=7–10 | pmid = 4867960 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1001/jama.204.1.7
|last=KARLIK |first=L N |authorlink= |date=February 1959 |title=[Francois Magendie; 175th anniversary of his birth (1783-1855).] |journal=Klinicheskaia meditsina |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=142–7 | issn = | pmid = 13642635 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
|last=FENTON |first=P F |authorlink= |date=January 1951 |title=Francois Magendie (October 6, 1783-October 7, 1855) |journal=J. Nutr. |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=3–15 | issn = | pmid = 14851024 | bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote = |doi=10.1093/jn/43.1.1 }}{{refend}} References
External links
6 : 1783 births|1855 deaths|Collège de France faculty|French physiologists|Members of the French Academy of Sciences|Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
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