| 词条 | Wattasid dynasty |
| 释义 |
|native_name = الوطاسيون - al-waṭṭāsīyūn ⵉⵡⴻⵟⵟⴰⵙⴻⵏ - Iweṭṭāsen |conventional_long_name = Wattasid dynasty |common_name = Wattasid dynasty |status=Ruling dynasty of Morocco |image_coat= |symbol_type= |year_start = 1472 |year_end = 1554 |image_flag = |image_map = Wattasids - Simplified map.PNG |image_map_caption = Map of the Wattasid sultanate (dark red) and its vassal states (light red) |p1 = Marinid dynasty |s1 = Saadi dynasty |flag_p1 = Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg |flag_s1 = Flag of Morocco 1258 1659.svg |common_languages = Berber languages, Arabic |religion = Islam (Sunni) |capital = Fez |government_type = Monarchy |title_leader = Sultan |leader1 = Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya |year_leader1 = 1472-1504 |leader2 = Abu Abd Allah al-Burtuqali Muhammad ibn Muhammad |year_leader2 = 1504-1526 |stat_area1 = |currency = Dirham }} The Wattasid dynasty ({{lang-ber|ⵉⵡⴻⵟⵟⴰⵙⴻⵏ}}, Iweṭṭasen; {{lang-ar|الوطاسيون}}, al-waṭṭāsīyūn) was a ruling dynasty of Morocco. Like the Marinid dynasty, its rulers were of Zenata Berber descent.[1] The two families were related, and the Marinids recruited many viziers from the Wattasids.[1] These viziers assumed the powers of the Sultans, seizing control of the Marinid dynasty's realm when the last Marinid, Abu Muhammad Abd al-Haqq, who had massacred many of the Wattasids in 1459, was murdered during a popular revolt in Fez in 1465. Abu Abd Allah al-Sheikh Muhammad ibn Yahya was the first Sultan of the Wattasid Dynasty. He controlled only the northern part of Morocco, the south being divided into several principalities. The Wattasids were finally supplanted in 1554, after the Battle of Tadla, by the Saadi dynasty princes of Tagmadert who had ruled all of southern Morocco since 1511. OverviewMorocco endured a prolonged multifaceted crisis in the 15th and early 16th centuries brought about by economic, political, social and cultural issues. Population growth remained stagnant and traditional commerce with the far south was cut off as the Portuguese occupied all seaports. At the same time, the towns were impoverished, and intellectual life was on the decline. HistoryMorocco was in decline when the Berber Wattasid dynasty assumed power. The Wattasid family had been the autonomous governors of the eastern Rif since the late 13th century, ruling from their base in Tazouta (near present-day Nador). They had close ties to the Marinid sultans and provided many of the bureacratic elite. While the Marinid dynasty tried to repel the Portuguese and Spanish invasions and help the kingdom of Granada to outlive the Reconquista, the Wattasids accumulated absolute power through political maneuvering. When the Marinids became aware of the extent of the conspiracy, they slaughtered the Wattasids, leaving only Abu Abdellah al-Shaykh Muhammad ben Yehya alive. He went on to found the Kingdom of Fez and establish the dynasty to be succeeded by his son, Mohammed al-Burtuqali, in 1504. The Wattasid rulers failed in their promise to protect Morocco from foreign incursions and the Portuguese increased their presence on Morocco's coast. Mohammad al-Chaykh's son attempted to capture Assilah and Tangiers in 1508, 1511 and 1515, but without success. In the south, a new dynasty arose, the Saadian dynasty, which seized Marrakesh in 1524 and made it their capital. By 1537 the Saadians were in the ascendent when they defeated the Portuguese at Agadir. Their military successes contrast with the Wattasid policy of conciliation towards the Roman Catholic kings to the north. As a result, the people of Morocco tended to regard the Saadians as heroes, making it easier for them to retake the Portuguese strongholds on the coast, including Tangiers, Ceuta and Mazagan. The Saadians also attacked the Watttasids who were forced to yield to the new power. In 1554, as Wattasid towns surrendered, the Wattasid sultan, Abou Hasan Ali, briefly retook Fez. The Saadians quickly settled the matter by killing him and, as the last Wattasids fled Morocco by ship, they too were murdered by pirates. The Wattasid did little to improve general conditions in Morocco following the Reconquista. It was necessary to wait for the Saadians for order to be reestablished and the expansionist ambitions of the kingdoms of the Iberian peninsula to be curbed. CoinageKnown Wattasid coins include a few extremely rare gold coins and also square silver dirhams and half dirhams, still following the Almohad Caliphate standard of roughly 1.5 grams.[2] The dynasty{{History of Morocco}}Wattasid Viziers
Wattasid Sultans
Chronology of events
See also
References1. ^1 C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 48. {{S-start}}{{s-royalhouse|House of Banu Wattas}}{{s-bef|before=Idrisid dynasty2. ^Album, Stephen. A Checklist of Islamic Coins, Second Edition, January 1998, Santa Rosa, CA Joutey branch}}{{s-ttl|title=Ruling house of Morocco|years=1472 – 1554}}{{s-aft|after=Saadi dynasty}}{{S-end}}{{Muslim dynasties in Maghreb region}}{{Morocco topics|state=uncollapsed}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wattasid Dynasty}} 10 : Wattasid dynasty|Dynasties of Morocco|Medieval Morocco|15th century in Morocco|16th century in Morocco|Berber dynasties|Countries in medieval Africa|Sunni dynasties|15th-century establishments in Africa|1550s disestablishments in Africa |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。