| 词条 | Fray Bentos | ||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|official_name = Fray Bentos |other_name = |settlement_type = Capital city |image_skyline = Quiosco Glorieta.JPG |image_caption = |pushpin_map = Uruguay |pushpin_label_position = right |pushpin_map_caption = |pushpin_mapsize = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = {{flag|Uruguay}} |subdivision_type1 = Department |subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Río Negro Department}} |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1859 |founder = |population_as_of = 2011 Census |population_total = 24,406 |population_blank1_title= Demonym |population_blank1 = fraybentino |population_density_km2 = |area_total_km2 = |timezone = UTC–3/–2 |coordinates = {{coord|33|08|0|S|58|18|0|W|region:UY-RN|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m =23 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = 65000 |area_code_type = Dial plan |area_code = +598 456 (+5 digits) |blank_name = Climate |blank_info = Cfa |website = |footnotes = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | child = yes | official_name = Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape | criteria = {{UNESCO WHS type|(ii), (iv)}}(ii), (iv) | ID = 1464 | year = 2015 | area = {{convert|273.8|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|2,127.7|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | website = https://www.rionegro.gub.uy/paisaje-industrial-fray-bentos/ }} }} Fray Bentos ({{IPA-es|fɾai̯ ˈbentos}}) is the capital city of the Río Negro Department, in south-western Uruguay. Its port on the Uruguay River is one of the nation's most important harbours.[1] The city hosts the first campus of the Technological University,[2] beside the historically relevant industrial complex Anglo, a World Heritage site. One of the biggest pulp mills in the world is situated close to Fray Bentos and the Libertador General San Martín Bridge; it was the center of the largest political dispute between Uruguay and Argentina during the 21st century. LocationThe city is close to the border with Argentina and about {{convert|160|km}} due north of Buenos Aires, and {{convert|309|km}} north-west from Montevideo, Uruguay's capital. HistoryThe town was founded as 'Villa Independencia' by Decree of 16 April 1859. It became capital of the Department of Río Negro on 7 July 1860 by the Act of Ley Nº 1.475 and its status was elevated to "Ciudad" (city) on 16 July 1900 by the Act of Ley Nº 2.656.[3] Its current name, meaning "Friar Benedict", is derived from a reclusive priest.[3] Historically, Fray Bentos' main industry has been meat processing. An industrial plant owned by the Societe de Fray Bentos Giebert & Cie., the Liebig Extract of Meat Company (LEMCO}, was founded there in 1863. It was closed in 1979, after 117 years in operation. A local history museum opened on the site in March 2005. Fray Bentos was the location of the crash of Austral Flight 2553, in which 74 people were killed (69 passengers and 5 crew) on October 10, 1997.[4][5] In 2015, the city's Barrio Anglo, the location of the industrial plant, was declared a World Heritage Site as the "Fray Bentos Cultural-Industrial Landscape"[6]. PopulationIn 2011 Fray Bentos had a population of 24,406.[7][8]
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Uruguay[9] Economy{{See also|Fray Bentos (food brand)}}In 1899 a company called "Frigorífico Anglo del Uruguay" (often referred to as "Anglo") which originated from Lemco, began making corned beef there, which was sold as "Fray Bentos Corned Beef" in the UK. Fifty years later, the company diversified into soups, meatballs and tinned fruit.[10] During the 1990s the focus shifted to pies and puddings, and the company was taken over by the Campbell Soup Company. In 2006 'Campbells UK' was acquired by Premier Foods.[11] The "Fray Bentos" brand is now owned in the UK by Baxters, which manufactures the product range in Scotland. The Campbell Soup Company manufactures and sells Fray Bentos-branded steak and kidney pies in Australia. In 2008, the Brazilian-owned Marfrig Group announced the re-opening of one of the factories related to the Liebig factory and the resumption of export of meat products, though at a lower volume than at the original factory.[12] Pulp mill dispute{{Main|Pulp mill conflict between Argentina and Uruguay}}Botnia S.A., a subsidiary of Finnish corporation Metsä-Botnia, built a large cellulose factory (pulp mill) in Fray Bentos to produce bleached eucalyptus pulp; production started in November 2007, and the first shipments were made in December 2007 from the port of Nueva Palmira. Investment in the project was about 1 billion USD. Several groups raised concerns regarding the effects of this and other pulp mills on the Uruguay River, which runs between Uruguay and Argentina, as well as whether Argentina had been provided with adequate notice regarding construction. On 30 April 2005 about 40,000 Argentines from Entre Ríos, along with environmental groups from both countries, demonstrated at the bridge linking both countries; afterwards ten to fifteen Argentines set up a roadblock at the international bridge to put pressure on the Uruguayan government to stop production at the factory, claiming it would gravely pollute the Uruguay River.[13] On 20 December 2005 a World Bank study concluded that the factory would not have a negative impact on the environment or tourism in either country. The paper mill started operating in November 2007.[14] Museums and cultureFray Bentos has an Industrial Revolution Museum in the former meat processing factory of the Liebig Extract of Meat Company, where thousands of people worked. When it was shut down, the opportunity was taken to create a museum, with the original machinery, and social and cultural artefacts of the technological revolution in Fray Bentos. The museum exhibits the machinery used in the meat and extract of meat process, the buildings, an 1893 Merryweather water-pumping machine, a complete canning plant, a plant where the meat was cooked, a laboratory, etc. It also has a museum for the artist Luis Alberto Solari, who was born in the city. The Miguel Young Theatre is an important cultural landmark. SportsFray Bentos has its own football league, the Liga Departamental de Fútbol de Río Negro, established in 1912, made up of 14 teams. Among the most notable are Fray Bentos Fútbol Club, Club Atlético Anglo and Laureles Fútbol Club. In popular cultureThe title character of Borges' short story "Funes el Memorioso" was from Fray Bentos. Notable people
TransportationVilla Independencia Airport serves Fray Bentos, but has no commercial air service. See also
References1. ^ 2. ^ 3. ^"Fray Bentos", Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online, retrieved 21 June 2008 4. ^{{ASN accident|id= 19971010-0|type= Accident|title= |accessdate= {{date|2011-5-26}}}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Catástrofe aérea: hubo 73 muertos|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=78605|newspaper=La Nación|date=12 October 1997|accessdate=7 February 2011|language=Spanish|trans-title=Air disaster: 73 dead}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1464Z|access-date=July 8, 2018|publisher=UNESCO|title=Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape}} 7. ^ 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/resultadosfinales/cuadros/NIVEL%20DEPARTAMENTAL/R%C3%ADo%20Negro/P_3_RNE.xls |title=Censos 2011 Cuadros Río Negro |date=2012 |publisher=INE |accessdate=25 August 2012}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ine.gub.uy/biblioteca/toponimico/Categorizaci%F3n%20localidades%20urbanas%20orden%20alfab%E9tico.pdf |title=Statistics of urban localities (1908–2004) (see also "Independencia") |publisher=INE |date=2012 |format=PDF |accessdate=4 September 2012}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.premierfoods.co.uk/our-brands/grocery/fray-bentos/|last=Anon|title=Fray Bentos|work=Premier Foods our range|publisher=Premier Foods|accessdate=2009-09-28}} 11. ^{{cite news| url = http://news.independent.co.uk/business/news/article2169272.ece | title = Premier Foods to close two factories with loss of 450 jobs | publisher = The Independent | accessdate = January 20, 2007 | location=London | first=Karen | last=Attwood | date=2007-01-20}} 12. ^BBC. October 28, 2008 "Uruguay serves up slice of history " 13. ^{{cite web| year = 2005 | url = http://www.clarin.com/diario/2005/04/30/um/m-967938.htm | title = Multitudinaria protesta en Entre Ríos contra la instalación de papeleras (in Spanish) | publisher = Clarín | accessdate = April 20, 2005}} 14. ^Bloomberg. November 9, 2007 [https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a4skXHg_WRvQ "Metsae-Botnia Gets Permit From Uruguay to Start Pulp Production"] External links{{commonscat}}
7 : Fray Bentos|Populated places in the Río Negro Department|Uruguay River|Populated places established in 1858|Port cities and towns in Uruguay|1858 establishments in Uruguay|World Heritage Sites in Uruguay |
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