“Webarchive”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The webarchive file format is available on macOS and Windows for saving and reviewing complete web pages using the Safari web browser.^[1] The webarchive format differs from a standalone HTML file because it also saves linked files such as images, CSS, and JavaScript.^[2] The webarchive format is a concatenation of source files with filenames saved in the binary plist format using NSKeyedArchiver.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} Support for webarchive documents was added in Safari 4 Beta on Windows and is included in subsequent versions. Safari for iOS (iPhone and iPad) does not support web archive files at all. Previously there was a third party iOS app called Web Archive Viewer that provided this functionality.

Usage

Vulnerability

In February 2013, a vulnerability with the webarchive format was discovered and reported by Joe Vennix, a Metasploit Project developer. The exploit allows an attacker to send a crafted webarchive to a user containing code to access cookies, local files, and other data. Apple's response to the report was that it will not fix the bug, most likely because it requires action on the users' part in opening the file.^[5]

Converting for other browsers

Workarounds to allow the file to be viewed in other browsers are possible, though specific webpage contents may hinder this process. This requires one of the free tools WebArchive Folderizer (for OS X 10.2 and higher)^[1] or WebArchive Extractor (for OS X 10.4.3 and higher).^[6]

Alternatives

MAFF is an open format (with a published specification) that enables saving of whole webpages in a single file. It is currently supported by Firefox, using an extension.^[7] Other web browsers use the MHTML format or do the equivalent by saving a directory of inline resources (usually images) alongside the HTML file, sometimes compressed, like the .war format used by Konqueror (tar+gzip or tar+bzip2). Safari does not support these alternative archive formats.

For archiving entire websites, the Internet Archive has developed the Web ARChive (WARC) format which was standardized by ISO.

References

1. ^¹{{cite web |last1=Frakes |first1=Dan |title=De-archive Web Archives |url=https://www.macworld.com/article/1050198/webarchivefolderizer.html |website=Macworld |publisher=IDG Communications |accessdate=15 June 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web|last1=Arnott|first1=Nick|title=Apple declines to fix vulnerability in Safari's Web Archive files, likely because it requires user action to exploit|url=http://www.imore.com/apple-declines-fix-vulnerability-safaris-webarchive-files-likely-because-it-requires-user-action|website=iMore|publisher=Mobile Nations|accessdate=7 February 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=iAd JS Programming Guide: Web Archives and Manifest Files|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/iad/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/iAdJSProgGuide/CreatingBundles/CreatingBundles.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40010301-CH15-SW6|website=Mac Developer Library|publisher=Apple|accessdate=7 February 2015}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=WebArchive Class Reference|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Cocoa/Reference/WebKit/Classes/WebArchive_Class/index.html|website=Mac Developer Library|publisher=Apple|accessdate=7 February 2015}}
5. ^{{cite web|last1=Vennix|first1=Joe|title=Abusing Safari's webarchive file format|url=https://community.rapid7.com/community/metasploit/blog/2013/04/25/abusing-safaris-webarchive-file-format|website=Rapid7 Metasploit|publisher=Rapid7|accessdate=7 February 2015}}
6. ^[https://robrohan.github.io/WebArchiveExtractor/ WebArchive Extractor]
7. ^{{cite web |url=https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/mozilla-archive-format/ |title=Mozilla Archive Format, with MHT and Faithful Save |accessdate=8 December 2011}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://xent.com/~rohit/HTMLD-Spec.htmld/index.html|title=.htmld Discussion}}