| 词条 | Frederick County, Virginia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| county = Frederick County | state = Virginia |type=County | seal = Frederick Seal.jpg | founded year = 1743 | founded date = | seat wl = Winchester | largest city wl = Stephens City | city type = town | area_total_sq_mi = 416 | area_land_sq_mi = 414 | area_water_sq_mi = 2 | area percentage = 0.5% | census estimate yr = 2017 | pop = 86484 | density_sq_mi = 209 | time zone = Eastern | footnotes = | web = www.fcva.us | named for = Frederick, Prince of Wales | ex image = Old Frederick County Courthouse 1.jpg | ex image cap = The Old Frederick County Courthouse in Winchester | ex image size = 225px | district = 10th }} Frederick County is located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 78,305.[1] Its county seat is Winchester.[2] The county was formed in 1743 by the splitting of Orange County. It is Virginia's northernmost county. Frederick County is included in the Winchester, VA-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, which is also included in the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV-PA Combined Statistical Area. HistoryThe area that would become Frederick County, Virginia was inhabited and transited by various indigenous peoples for thousands of years before European colonization. The "Indian Road" refers to a historic pathway made by local tribes. Colonization efforts began with the Virginia Company of London, but European settlement did not flourish until after the company lost its charter and Virginia became a royal colony in 1624. In order to stimulate migration to the colony, the headright system was used. Under this system, those who funded an emigrant's transportation costs (not the actual colonizers) were compensated with land.[3] During the early 17th century, King Charles II granted several acres of colonial Virginia lands to “seven loyal supporters,” including Lord Fairfax. This passed to Thomas Fairfax, 5th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, who married the daughter of Thomas Colepeper, who also owned several acres of land. After their son, Lord Thomas Fairfax, inherited the combined grants, he controlled over 5,000,000 acres of land in Virginia, including much of the land that became Frederick County.[4] Frederick County was created from Orange County in 1738, and was officially organized in 1743.[5] The Virginia Assembly named the new county for Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales[6] (1707–1751), the eldest son of King George II of Great Britain. At that time, "Old Frederick County" encompassed all or part of four counties in present-day Virginia and five in present-day West Virginia:
Colonial EraAs Commander-in-Chief of the new Colonial Virginia regiment in 1754, Colonel George Washington's headquarters were located in Winchester before and during the French and Indian War. He resigned from military service in 1758; only to be appointed General by the Continental Congress sixteen years later. Meanwhile, Washington represented Frederick County in his first elective office, having been elected to the House of Burgesses in 1758 and 1761. Daniel Morgan was another famous General during the American Revolutionary War, from (present day Clarke County). War of 1812American Civil WarWinchester changed hands between the Confederate and Union Armies on average once every three weeks during the war. Many battles were fought in Frederick County. Some of those battles include:
The first constitution of West Virginia provided for Frederick County to be added to the new state if approved by a local election.[7] Unlike those of neighboring Berkeley and Jefferson counties, Frederick County residents voted to remain in Virginia despite being occupied by the Union Army at the time. Four (alkaline, saline, chalybeate, and sulphured) types of mineral water springs naturally occur on the land that would later be named Rock Enon Springs.[8]{{rp|868}} The area was once called Capper Springs, named for area settler John Capper.[9]{{rp|57}} William Marker bought the {{convert|942|acre}} in 1856 and built a hotel, the first building of the Rock Enon Springs Resort, that survived the American Civil War.[10] On March 24, 1899 the Shenandoah Valley National Bank purchased the property for $3,500.[11]{{rp|9}} During the summer of 1914 botanists found polypodium vulgare, phegopteris hexagonoptera, adiantum pedatum, pteris aquilina, and cheilanthes lanosa on the property.[12] The idea that soaking in the spring water had medical value was likely a large part of the tourism.[13] In 1944, when that healing idea was likely no longer generally accepted as true, the Glaize family sold the property to the Shenandoah Area Council who turned what was once a resort into Camp Rock Enon.[10] In 1944 the {{convert|5|acre|km2}} Miller Lake was created by adding a {{convert|200|ft|m}} earth dam across Laruel Run using equipment owned by the Federal Fish Hatchery in Leestown.[14]{{rp|M4}} In 1958 "walnut, chestnut and persimmon trees" were planted on the property.[15]{{rp|50}} Geography{{Location map+ | USA Virginia Frederick| caption = | width=300 | places = | label =Winchester | label_size=100 | marksize=5 | position =right | lat_deg =39.183333 | lon_deg =-78.166667 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Hardy | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =39.01 | lon_deg =-78.86 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Morgan | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =39.56 | lon_deg =-78.26 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Berkeley | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =39.47 | lon_deg =-78.03 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Hampshire | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =top | lat_deg =39.31 | lon_deg =-78.61 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Warren| label =Shenandoah | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =38.9 | lon_deg =-78.3 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Clarke | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =39.05 | lon_deg =-78 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Frederick | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =top | lat_deg =39.05 | lon_deg =-78.26 }} {{Location map~ | USA Virginia Frederick| label =Warren | label_size=100 | marksize=0 | position =bottom | lat_deg =38.93 | lon_deg =-78.2 }} According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of {{convert|416|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|414|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|2|sqmi}} (0.5%) is water.[16] This is the northernmost county in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Adjacent countiesNational protected areas
Demographics{{US Census population|1790= 19681 |1800= 24744 |1810= 22574 |1820= 24706 |1830= 26046 |1840= 14242 |1850= 15975 |1860= 16546 |1870= 16596 |1880= 17553 |1890= 17880 |1900= 13239 |1910= 12787 |1920= 12461 |1930= 13167 |1940= 14008 |1950= 17537 |1960= 21941 |1970= 28893 |1980= 34150 |1990= 45723 |2000= 59209 |2010= 78305 |estyear=2017 |estimate=86484 |estref=[17] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[18] 1790–1960[19] 1900–1990[20] 1990–2000[21]
}} As of the census[22] of 2000, there were 59,209 people, 22,097 households, and 16,727 families residing in the county. The population density was 143 people per square mile (55/km²). There were 23,319 housing units at an average density of 56/square mile (22/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 94.99% White, 2.62% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.66% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.01% from two or more races. 1.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 22,097 households out of which 36.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.50% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.30% were non-families. 19.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 6.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.64 and the average family size was 3.02. In the county, the population was spread out with 26.40% under the age of 18, 7.00% from 18 to 24, 31.90% from 25 to 44, 24.10% from 45 to 64, and 10.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.70 males. The median income for a household in the county was $46,941, and the median income for a family was $52,281. Males had a median income of $35,705 versus $25,046 for females. The per capita income for the county was $21,080. About 4.00% of families and 6.40% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.30% of those under age 18 and 6.90% of those age 65 or over. GovernmentBoard of Supervisors
Constitutional officers
Frederick is represented by Republican Jill Holtzman Vogel in the Virginia Senate, Wendy Gooditis (D), Chris Collins (R), and Dave LaRock (R) and in the Virginia House of Delegates, and Jennifer Wexton (D) in the U.S. House of Representatives. {{Hidden begin|titlestyle = background:#ccccff; |title = Presidential elections results }}
Transportation
Major Highways{{div col}}
EducationFrederick County is served by Frederick County Public Schools, which includes several elementary, middle, and high schools. Frederick County is also part of the region served by the Mountain Vista Governor's School that offers upper level classes to intellectually gifted high school students. SchoolsElementary schoolsMiddle schools
High schools
Colleges
Universities
Libraries
CommunitiesDespite being the county seat, Winchester, like all cities under Virginia law, is an independent city—politically independent of any county. Towns
Census-designated places
Other unincorporated communities{{columns-list|colwidth=20em|
}} See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51069.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 2, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/604QVBEZz?url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/51/51069.html|archivedate=July 10, 2011|df=}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=Dividing the Land: Early American Beginnings of Our Private Property Mosaic|last=Price|first=Edward T.|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1995|isbn=9780226680651|location=Chicago|pages=91, 105-107}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.lva.virginia.gov/|title=About the Virginia Land Office Patents and Grants/Northern Neck Grant and Surveys|last=|first=|date=|website=Library of Virginia|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=October 25, 2018}} 5. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.mapofus.org|title=Maps of Virginia|last=|first=|date=|website=Maps of US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=October 25, 2018}} 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States|author=Gannett, Henry|publisher=Govt. Print. Off.|year=1905|pages=131}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wvculture.org/HISTORY/statehood/constitution.html|title=West Virginia Constitution|website=www.wvculture.org}} 8. ^{{cite book|last1=Engelhard|first1=G.P.|title=The Standard medical directory of North America|date=1902|pages=924}} 9. ^{{cite book|last1=Peale|first1=Albert Charles|title=Lists and Analyses of the Mineral Springs of the United States|date=1886|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|pages=235}} 10. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Bell Jr.|first1=Stewart|title=Rock Enon Springs Records #1303|publisher=Handley Regional Library|location=Winchester, VA, USA|url=http://www.youseemore.com/handley/contentpages.asp?loc=490|accessdate=27 February 2017}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Rock Enon Springs Sold: Property Purchased by Bank to Protect Deed of Trust |publisher=Washington Post|date=March 25, 1899}} 12. ^{{cite journal|last1=Tuttle|first1=Mary Louise|title=Fern Trips in Virginia|journal=American Fern|date=1915|volume=5|issue=4|pages=108–113|doi=10.2307/1544094|jstor=1544094}} 13. ^Tourism: {{Hanging indent |{{cite book|last1=Bell Jr.|first1=Stewart|title=Rock Enon Springs Records #1303|publisher=Handley Regional Library|location=Winchester, VA, USA|url=http://www.youseemore.com/handley/contentpages.asp?loc=490|accessdate=27 February 2017}}}} {{Hanging indent |{{cite news|title=The Movements of Officials|publisher=Washington Post|date=July 24, 1888}}{{rp|2}}}} {{Hanging indent |{{cite news|title=At Rock Enon Springs Several Washingtonians Enjoy Vacations in Quiet Virginia Resort|issue=Special|publisher=Washington Post|date=July 30, 1911}}{{rp|E1}}}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Dam to Back Up Water For Scout Camp Lake|publisher=Washington Post|date=Feb 27, 1944}} 15. ^{{cite book|title=Annual Report, Volume 49|date=1958|publisher=Northern Nut Growers Association}} 16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 30, 2018}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 2, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|accessdate=January 2, 2014}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 2, 2014}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=January 2, 2014}} 22. ^{{cite web |url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2011-05-14 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections|first=David|last=Leip|website=uselectionatlas.org}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.winchesterva.gov/transit/|title=Public Transportation|first=|last=winDev|date=17 August 2012|website=www.winchesterva.gov}} External links{{commonscat|Frederick County, Virginia}}
|Centre = Frederick County, Virginia |North = Morgan County, West Virginia |Northeast = Berkeley County, West Virginia |East = Clarke County |Southeast = |South = Warren County |Southwest = Hardy County, West Virginia and Shenandoah County |West = Hampshire County, West Virginia |Northwest = }}{{FrederickCountyVA}}{{Virginia}}{{Frederick County, Virginia in the American Civil War}}{{coord|39.21|-78.26|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-VA_source:UScensus1990}} 6 : Frederick County, Virginia|Virginia counties|Northern Virginia counties|Northwestern Turnpike|Winchester, VA-WV metropolitan area|1743 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies |
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