| 词条 | Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg |
| 释义 |
Frederick II of Brandenburg ({{Lang-de|Friedrich II.}}) (19 November 1413 – 10 February 1471), nicknamed "the Iron" (der Eiserne) and sometimes "Irontooth" (Eisenzahn), was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern. BiographyFrederick II was born at Tangermünde Castle (German: Burg Tangermünde), when Tangermünde was within the Margraviate of Brandenburg, to Frederick I, Brandenburg's first Hohenzollern ruler, and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Bavaria-Landshut, and Maddalena Visconti. The latter was a daughter of Bernabò Visconti and Beatrice della Scala. As the second son, his brothers included John the Alchemist and Albert Achilles, both of whom also ruled Brandenburg as margraves. In 1421, at age 8, Frederick was betrothed to Princess Jadwiga of Lithuania, but she died on 8 December 1431, before the marriage could take place. When Frederick I retired in 1437, he compensated his incapable eldest son John with the Principality of Bayreuth while Frederick II assumed the government of Brandenburg. Unlike his father, he turned away from imperial politics and concentrated on his efforts to pacify the nobility and towns of the electorate. Quarrels with the city of Berlin began in 1440 with his plans to build a new residence on the Cölln island of the Spree river. In 1448 the Berliner Unwille (indignation) against the cession of the city's territory for an electoral stronghold culminated in open revolt, when the citizens flooded the excavation of the future Stadtschloss. Nevertheless, Frederick II prevailed, had the palace built and the city's rights decisively curtailed. In 1454 and 1455, he concluded the Treaties of Cölln and Mewe and thereby re-gained the Neumark (New March) from the Teutonic Order state. Weary of the long struggle with the Duchy of Pomerania, he abdicated in 1470 in favour of his younger brother Albert Achilles, he retired to the Bayreuth Principality and died one year later in Neustadt an der Aisch. Family and childrenOn 11 June 1441, Frederick II married Catherine of Saxony (1421 – August 23, 1476), a daughter of Elector Frederick I of Saxony and Katharina of Brunswick-Lüneburg. They had three children (and Frederick had one bastard):
Ancestors{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | 1= 1. Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg |2= 2. Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg |3= 3. Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut |4= 4. Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg |5= 5. Elisabeth of Meissen |6= 6. Frederick of Bavaria-Landshut |7= 7. Maddalena Visconti |8= 8. John II, Burgrave of Nuremberg |9= 9. Elisabeth of Henneberg-Schleusingen |10= 10. Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen |11= 11. Mathilde of Bavaria |12= 12. Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria |13= 13. Elisabeth of Sicily |14= 14. Bernabò Visconti |15= 15. Beatrice Regina della Scala |16= 16. Frederick IV, Burgrave of Nuremberg |17= 17. Margaret of Carinthia |18= 18. Berthold VII, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen |19= 19. Adelheid of Hesse |20= 20. Frederick I, Margrave of Meissen |21= 21. Elisabeth of Lobdaburg-Arnshaugk |22= 22. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor |23= 23. Beatrix of Silesia-Glogau |24= 24. Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor |25= 25. Beatrix of Silesia-Glogau |26= 26. Frederick III of Sicily |27= 27. Eleanor of Anjou |28= 28. Stefano Visconti |29= 29. Valentina Doria |30= 30. Mastino II della Scala |31= 31. Taddea da Carrara }} External links
|years=1440–1470 }}{{s-aft|after=Albert III Achilles}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Frederick Ii, Elector Of Brandenburg}} 7 : 1413 births|1471 deaths|People from Tangermünde|15th-century German people|Electors of Brandenburg|Margraves of Bayreuth|House of Hohenzollern |
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