| 词条 | West Block |
| 释义 |
|name = West Block |image = West Block.jpg |caption = The West Block of Parliament Hill |map_type = |coordinates = {{coord|45.4232|-75.7005|region:CA-ON|display=inline,title}} |location_town = Ottawa, Ontario |location_country = Canada |architect = Thomas Stent and Augustus Laver |client = The Queen in Right of the United Kingdom (1866) The Queen in Right of Canada (1878) The King in Right of Canada (1906) |owner = The Queen in Right of Canada |engineer = |construction_start_date = 1859 |completion_date = 1906 |date_demolished = |cost = |structural_system = Load bearing masonry construction |style = Victorian High Gothic |size = }} The West Block (officially the Western Departmental Building;[1] in French: Édifice administratif de l'ouest) is one of the three buildings on Parliament Hill, in Ottawa, Ontario. Since 28 January 2019, it has housed the interim House of Commons Chamber, installed to accommodate the House while the Centre Block is closed. The West Block also houses offices for parliamentarians, a branch of the Library of Parliament, committee rooms, and some preserved pre-Confederation spaces. Built in the Victorian High Gothic style, the West Block has been extended twice since its original completion in 1865. Though not as renowned as the Centre Block of parliament, the West Block appears on the obverse of the Canadian five-dollar bill. The West Block has not typically been open for public tours; however, with the opening of the interim House of Commons in January 2019, tours will commence shortly after.[2] CharacteristicsDesigned by Thomas Stent and Augustus Laver,[3] the West Block is an asymmetrical structure built in the Victorian High Gothic style, with load bearing masonry walls, all clad in a rustic Nepean sandstone exterior and dressed stone trim around windows and other edges, as well as displaying a multitude of stone carvings, including gargoyles, grotesques, and friezes, keeping with the style of the rest of the parliamentary complex.[1] The West Block adds to the Ottawa skyline three prominent towers: the Mackenzie Tower (added in 1878), the Laurier Tower (added in 1906), and the Southwest Tower. HistoryThe Department of Public Works sent out, on 7 May 1859, a call for architects to submit proposals for the new parliament buildings to be erected on Barrack Hill, which was answered by 298 submitted drawings. After the entries were narrowed down to three, then Governor General Sir Edmund Walker Head was approached to break the stalemate and the winner was announced on 29 August 1859. The departmental buildings, Centre Block, and a new residence for the Governor General were each awarded separately and the team of Thomas Stent and Augustus Laver, under the pseudonym of Stat nomen in umbra, won the prize for the first category.[4] Construction on all three blocks commenced by the end of 1859. By the time the West Block was completed in 1865, the building was three years behind schedule. The first tenants were the offices of the postmaster general, the Ministry of Public Works, and the Crown lands departments.[5] As the number of parliamentary and administrative staff increased with the expansion of the country's area, more space was added to the West Block: the Mackenzie Wing and Tower in 1878 and, in 1906, the Laurier Tower and link. In the early 2000s, the masonry of the West Block was found to be in a state of severe disrepair. Scaffolding and protective sheeting were erected in order to prevent falling blocks from striking pedestrians and cars below and a restoration project was immediately implemented.[6] The two largest towers were also stabilised with temporary steel structures for fear of stones falling off them.[7] An $863 million project to completely renovate the West Block began in 2011, and the renovated building opened on 28 January 2019.[8] In preparation for a planned, decade-long renovation of the Centre Block to begin in 2019, the central courtyard of the West Block was transformed into a temporary chamber for the House of Commons.[9] The new chamber is surrounded by exterior stone walls and covered by a glass dome roof which lets in natural sunlight. Multiple underground levels as well as planned tunnel connections to other Parliament Hill buildings were constructed out of dug-out bedrock under the West Block during the extensive renovations.[10] When the renovation of Centre Block is complete and the House returns to its traditional chamber, the new House chamber will be used as committee rooms. References1. ^1 {{cite journal| last=Phillips| first=R. A. J.| title=The House That History Built| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=5| issue=1| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| location=Ottawa| year=1982| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=100&art=442| accessdate=4 January 2009}} 2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://rts.parl.ca/en-CA/home|title=Parliament of Canada Tours — Home|website=rts.parl.ca|access-date=2019-01-22}} 3. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/1859-1916-02-eng.html| title=A Treasure to Explore > Parliament Hill > The History of Parliament Hill > Construction, 1859-1916 > Who would design it?| author=Public Works and Government Services Canada| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=4 January 2009}} 4. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.collineduparlement-parliamenthill.gc.ca/histoire-history/1859-1916-02-eng.html| title=A Treasure to Explore > Parliament Hill > The History of Parliament Hill > Construction, 1859-1916 > Who would design it?| author=Public Works and Government Services Canada| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=1 January 2009}} 5. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.ottawakiosk.com/parliament/p_9.html| title=Ottawa > Arts & Entertainment > Attractions > Parliament Hill Tour - West Block| author=Ottawakiosk.com| publisher=Ottawa Kiosk| accessdate=9 January 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423060859/http://www.ottawakiosk.com/parliament/p_9.html| archivedate=23 April 2008}} 6. ^{{Cite news| last=Naumetz| first=Tim| title=Tories OK plan to repair Hill| newspaper=Ottawa Citizen| date=6 August 2007| url=http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=2c83b16e-c7a7-44b5-8588-d5aba0d73b26}} 7. ^{{Cite news| last=Cook| first=Maria| title=Parliament Buildings 'in danger of collapse'| newspaper=Ottawa Citizen| date=22 May 2007| url=http://www.canada.com/national/features/remembrance2005/story.html?id=86548658-4d27-4543-8e93-4138c136f66d&p=2}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/local-news/speaker-given-the-keys-to-west-block-home-to-the-house-of-commons-for-the-next-decade|title=Speaker given the keys to West Block, home to the House of Commons for the next decade {{!}} Ottawa Citizen|last=November 9|first=Blair Crawford Updated:|last2=2018|date=2018-11-09|language=en|access-date=2019-01-22}} 9. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/42m-glass-dome-approved-for-parliament-1.991724| title=$42M glass dome approved for Parliament| date=19 February 2011| publisher=CBC| accessdate=5 November 2015}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-the-rehabilitation-of-parliament-hills-west-block/|title=The rehabilitation of Parliament Hill’s West Block|last=Hannay|first=Chris|date=September 20, 2018|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=September 20, 2018}} External links{{Commons category}}
1 : Parliament of Canada buildings |
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