| 词条 | Westfield London | |||||
| 释义 |
| image = File:Westfield London shopping area in London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, spring 2013 (11).jpg | image_width = | caption = | location = London, {{postcode|W|12}} United Kingdom | opening_date = {{Start date and age|2008|10|30|df=yes}} | developer = Westfield Group | manager = Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield | architect = Benoy & Westfield Design Architects, Buchan Group Executive Architects, Ian Richie Architects (masterplan) [1] | owner = Westfield Corporation | number_of_stores = 450 | number_of_anchors = 6 | floor_area = 242,000 m² (2,600,000 ft²) | floors = 5 | parking = 5,500 spaces | publictransit ={{rail-interchange|london|underground}} {{lus|Shepherd's Bush}}; {{lus|Shepherd's Bush Market}}; {{lus|Wood Lane}}; {{lus|White City}} {{rail-interchange|london|overground}} {{rail-interchange|gb|Rail}} {{rws|Shepherd's Bush}} | website = westfield.com/london }}Westfield London is a shopping centre in White City, London, UK, in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham. The centre was developed by the Westfield Group at a cost of £1.6bn,[2][3] on a site bounded by the West Cross Route (A3220), the Westway (A40) and Wood Lane (A219). It opened on 30 October 2008 and became the largest covered shopping development in the capital, dethroning the Whitgift Centre in Croydon.[4][5] After further investment and expansion, it became the largest shopping centre in Europe in March 2018.[6] The centre is in the White City district, where several other large-scale development projects are under way or in the planning stages. The development is on a large brownfield site, part of which was once the location of the 1908 Franco-British Exhibition; the initial site clearance demolished the set of halls still remaining from the exhibition (their cheap-to-build, white-painted blank facades are said to be the origin of the name "White City"). Much of the site was in use as a railway depot excavated to a lower level and built over. The centre is noted for its size: it has a retail floor area of 150,000 m² (1.62 million ft²), the equivalent of about 30 football pitches. At the time of its opening it was reported to be the second largest commercial centre in the UK (after MetroCentre near Newcastle).[4] After an extension opened in March 2018, the centre became the largest in the UK and Europe. The nearest London Underground stations are Wood Lane, White City, Shepherd's Bush and Shepherd's Bush Market. The nearest rail station is Shepherd's Bush, served by suburban London Overground services and by longer distance Southern services between {{stnlnk|Milton Keynes Central}} and South Croydon. The mall is anchored by John Lewis, Marks & Spencer, Debenhams, House of Fraser, Next and Primark ConstructionThe initial plan for a shopping centre at this location was developed by a consortium, the largest company involved being the UK division of Australian property company Multiplex. However, due to heavy financial losses in other ventures, including the construction of the new Wembley Stadium, Multiplex was forced to sell its stake to another Australian company (and competitor), Westfield Group.[7] The development was built by Westfield Construction, the developer's own construction arm and was delivered on schedule.[8] Robert Bird Group were the structural engineers for the job.[9] The roof was designed by Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering (Stuttgart, Germany).[10] The project took five years to build, employing 8,000 people.[11] The Project Director was John Roberts. There was a structural/organisational challenge relating to the White City depot of the Central line (Underground) railway. It covered a large proportion of the site, and had to be kept fully operational while being excavated beneath and relocated bit by bit at a lower level to allow the centre to make use of its previous location. There were also considerable precautions needed due to the expectation of finding unexploded bombs from raids on a local munitions factory during the World War II blitz. ExtensionOn 16 February 2012, Hammersmith and Fulham Council approved a 700,000 sq ft extension to the north of the existing site. Building work began in 2014,[12] and the extension has already opened in three phases. The first phase opened in March 2018, and the final phase opened in October 2018. Once the extension was completed, Westfield London's size increased to {{convert|2.6|e6sqft|sqm}}, making it the largest shopping centre in Europe.[13] The north side of the extension is bounded by a railway viaduct, and the south side of the extension is adjunct to the original shopping centre. The extension replaces an industrial estate which previously occupied the area, divided by Ariel Way. The extension includes {{convert|550000|sqft|m2|order=flip}} of retail space including a 70,000 sq ft Primark store, offices, new streets, public spaces, and approximately 1,522 new homes. The development ranges from four to twelve storeys high with one building of 20 storeys. The work also includes modifications to Shepherds Bush Overground Station, relocation of the bus station and reuse of the Dimco Buildings, and pedestrian links on the east side of the site connecting Hammersmith & Fulham with Kensington and Chelsea.[14][15][16] The department store John Lewis is the occupant of an 'anchor store' within the extension. Kidzania, a part of the extension, opened in 2015.[17][18][19] Constituent sectionsRetail areaThe centre was opened to the public on 30 October 2008 by Bethan Garratt, CEO of Westfield Group (2004–2012). It has a retail floor area of 150,000 m² (1.615m ft²).[2] The completed centre features around 320 stores, including AllSaints, Apple, Bershka, Boots, Bose, Coast, Cotton On (includes RUBI and Factorie), Debenhams, Dorothy Perkins, Dwell, Early Learning Centre, Ernest Jones, French Connection, Gerry Weber, Hackett, HMV, Hollister Co., House of Fraser, H.Samuel, Jaeger, Kurt Geiger, Lego, Mamas & Papas, Mango, Marks & Spencer, Next, Nomination, Oakley, Reiss, River Island, schuh, Starbucks Coffee, Tesla, Topshop, Uniqlo, the multiplex cinema Vue, Waitrose and Zara. The development also includes a high-end retail area called The Village. The area includes brands Burberry, De Beers, Georg Jensen, Gucci, Louis Vuitton, Miu Miu, Mulberry, Myla, Tiffany & Co and Versace. Vue digital cinemaVue opened a seventeen-screen cinema on 12 February 2010,[20] including five 3-D-enabled screens, with a seating capacity of almost 3,000. Transport connectionsThe Westfield centre opening coincided with the completion of several major London transport infrastructure projects, which now serve the centre and the surrounding area:[21]
CriticismThis substantial new development has been criticised. The impact Westfield London will have is not yet fully understood, but it is anticipated that the centre will attract trade that otherwise might have gone to the already busy West End, and may also have a strong negative impact on nearby Kensington High Street.[29] The development has also pushed up rents in the Shepherds Bush area, which is expected to impact on the value retail offer in the area, with many businesses as well as the Shepherds Bush Market expected to suffer.[30] Others have criticised the centre's "clone stores".[31] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://uk.westfield.com/london/images/london/downloads/westfield_press_pack_vision.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-09-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065530/http://uk.westfield.com/london/images/london/downloads/westfield_press_pack_vision.pdf |archivedate=6 October 2014 |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 {{cite press release |title = Westfield flagship opens in London |publisher = Westfield Group press release |date = 30 October 2007 |url = http://westfield.com/corporate/news-announcements/media-releases/2008/20081030_12394.html |accessdate = 12 November 2008 |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081102131509/http://westfield.com/corporate/news-announcements/media-releases/2008/20081030_12394.html |archivedate = 2 November 2008 |df = dmy-all}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/presentations/WDC_March_Quarter_8May2007.pdf|title=1st Quarter 2007 – Review|date=8 May 2007|publisher=Westfield Group|accessdate=12 November 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319024733/http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/presentations/WDC_March_Quarter_8May2007.pdf|archivedate=19 March 2009|df=dmy-all}}In a later document published in 2008, the WDC cost was estimated at £1.1bn - see {{cite web|url=http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/presentations/ASX_RELEASE_Presentation&Appendix4D_27Aug08.pdf|title=Westfield Group, Half Year Results Presentation, 30 June 2008|date=27 August 2008|publisher=Westfield Group|accessdate=17 October 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319024729/http://westfield.com/corporate/pdf/presentations/ASX_RELEASE_Presentation%26Appendix4D_27Aug08.pdf|archivedate=19 March 2009|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7699209.stm|title=Enormous shopping complex opens|date=30 October 2008|publisher=BBC|accessdate=30 October 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081102064808/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7699209.stm|archivedate=2 November 2008|df=dmy-all}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/3284250/Westfield-shopping-centre-Europes-largest-mall-opens.html|title=Westfield shopping centre - Europe's largest mall - opens|last=Moore|first=Matthew|date=2008-10-30|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411082415/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/3284250/Westfield-shopping-centre-Europes-largest-mall-opens.html|archivedate=11 April 2018|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/westfield-london-white-city-largest-shopping-centre-europe-expansion-john-lewis-hm-a8265071.html|title=Westfield London is now the largest shopping centre in Europe|date=2018-03-20|work=The Independent|access-date=2018-04-09|language=en-GB|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410075036/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/westfield-london-white-city-largest-shopping-centre-europe-expansion-john-lewis-hm-a8265071.html|archivedate=10 April 2018|df=dmy-all}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132538008.html |title=Bleak day as Multiplex sells 'trophy asset'. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160118133614/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132538008.html |archivedate=18 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.structuralsystems.com.au/SSL/Cases/SSUK-PDS-R009-WestfieldLondon.asp|title=Structural Systems|author=|date=|website=structuralsystems.com.au|accessdate=6 May 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.robertbird.com/?page=136 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-01-18 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220094217/http://www.robertbird.com/?page=136 |archivedate=20 February 2011 |df=dmy-all }} Robert Bird Westfield Description 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.khing.de/projekte_dacher.php?id=42|title=Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering|work=khing.de|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090420011321/http://www.khing.de/projekte_dacher.php?id=42|archivedate=20 April 2009|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^HeraldSun.com.au - Westfield to open London mega centre {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201182833/http://www.news.com.au/heraldsun/story/0,21985,24569478-5005961,00.html |date=1 December 2008 }} 12. ^{{cite web|title=Westfield planning application|url=https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/planning/planning-applications/major-planning-applications/westfield-planning-application|website=LBHF|publisher=London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|accessdate=26 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626094829/https://www.lbhf.gov.uk/planning/planning-applications/major-planning-applications/westfield-planning-application|archivedate=26 June 2017|language=en|date=17 December 2015|deadurl=no}} 13. ^{{cite news |last1=Stevens |first1=Ben |title=Westfield London opens £600m expansion 6 months early - Retail Gazette |url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2018/03/westfield-london-opens-600m-expansion-6-months-early/ |accessdate=26 June 2018 |work=Retail Gazette |date=20 March 2018 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180626085643/https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2018/03/westfield-london-opens-600m-expansion-6-months-early/ |archivedate=26 June 2018|deadurl=no}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.westfieldlondondevelopment.co.uk|title=Westfield Shopping Centres|author=Westfield Shopping Centres|work=westfieldlondondevelopment.co.uk|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306064646/http://www.westfieldlondondevelopment.co.uk/|archivedate=6 March 2016|deadurl=yes}} 15. ^{{cite news|title=Westfield extension plans approved|url=http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Directory/News/Westfield_extension_plans_approved.asp|accessdate=3 October 2015|agency=London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham|date=17 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509054003/http://www.lbhf.gov.uk/Directory/News/Westfield_extension_plans_approved.asp|archivedate=9 May 2015|deadurl=yes}} 16. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10266939/John-Lewis-to-open-Westfield-London-store.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Graham | last=Ruddick | title=John Lewis to open Westfield London store | date=26 August 2013 | deadurl=no | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620092609/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10266939/John-Lewis-to-open-Westfield-London-store.html | archivedate=20 June 2017 | df=dmy-all }} 17. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/attractions/kidzania-new-20m-mini-city-inside-westfield-mall-will-let-children-work-for-treats-8710393.html|title=KidZania: New £20m 'mini city' inside Westfield mall will let children 'work' for treats|author=Jonathan Prynn|date=16 July 2013|work=London Evening Standard|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704105309/http://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/attractions/kidzania-new-20m-mini-city-inside-westfield-mall-will-let-children-work-for-treats-8710393.html|archivedate=4 July 2017|df=dmy-all}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shepherdsbushw12.com/default.asp?section=info&page=westfield019.htm|title=Shepherds Bush's Local Web site|work=shepherdsbushw12.com|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305032713/http://www.shepherdsbushw12.com/default.asp?section=info&page=westfield019.htm|archivedate=5 March 2014|df=dmy-all}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kidzania.co.uk|title=What Is KidZania?|author=KidZania|work=kidzania.co.uk|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819153339/http://www.kidzania.co.uk/|archivedate=19 August 2013|df=dmy-all}} 20. ^{{cite news|url=http://westfield.com/corporate/news-announcements/media-releases/2009/2009610_57978.html|title=Vue Entertainment to Open Two World Class all Digital Multiplexes at Westfield London and Westfield Stratford City|date=30 April 2009|publisher=Westfield Group|accessdate=31 January 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090718152346/http://westfield.com/corporate/news-announcements/media-releases/2009/2009610_57978.html|archivedate=18 July 2009|df=dmy-all}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/9337.aspx |title=White City and Shepherd's Bush |date=September 2008 |publisher=Transport for London |accessdate=27 September 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921230556/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/9337.aspx |archivedate=21 September 2008 }} 22. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23416403-details/New+railway+station+over+budget...and+undersized/article.do |title=New railway station over budget...and undersized |accessdate=12 October 2007 |last=Barney |first=Katharine |work=London Evening Standard|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081221150514/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23416403-details/New+railway+station+over+budget...and+undersized/article.do|archivedate=21 December 2008|deadurl=yes}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/stationsandinterchanges/4752.aspx|title=White City Development|author=Transport for London|accessdate=2 October 2007|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070629210258/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/corporate/projectsandschemes/stationsandinterchanges/4752.aspx |archivedate = 29 June 2007}} 24. ^[https://www.tfl.gov.uk/bus/stop/490003375AP/white-city-bus-station? White City Bus Station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141206175830/https://www.tfl.gov.uk/bus/stop/490003375AP/white-city-bus-station |date=6 December 2014 }} Transport for London 25. ^{{NHLE|desc=Dimco Buildings|num=1079757|accessdate=16 December 2012}} 26. ^{{cite web|title=New White City Bus Station Opens This Weekend|url=http://www.build.co.uk/construction_news.asp?newsid=86108|publisher=Build.co.uk|accessdate=16 December 2012|date=27 November 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220044540/http://www.build.co.uk/construction_news.asp?newsid=86108|archivedate=20 February 2012|df=dmy-all}} 27. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/w/whoframed.html |title = Who Framed Roger Rabbit filming locations |author = The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations |accessdate = 2 October 2007 |date = |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015132854/http://movie-locations.com/movies/w/whoframed.html |archivedate = 15 October 2007 |df = dmy-all}} 28. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.lcc.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1211 |title = Westfield shopping centre is "a cyclist's nightmare" |author = London Cycling Campaign |accessdate = 1 July 2009 |date = 26 June 2008 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090208025936/http://lcc.org.uk/index.asp?PageID=1211 |archivedate = 8 February 2009 |df = dmy-all}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.drapersonline.com/news/analysis/2008/10/analysis_westfield__londons_retail_showdown.html|title=Westfield - London's retail showdown|work=drapersonline.com}} 30. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/property/3353589/Bloom-or-bust-for-Shepherd's-Bush.html|title=Bloom or bust for Shepherd's Bush?|author=Sonia Purnell|date=10 October 2006|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}} 31. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/oct/24/retail-recession-westfield|title=John Harris: How can Westfield - and the growing number of giant malls around the country - survive?|last=Harris|first=John|date=2008-10-23|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-11-04}} External links{{Commons category|Westfield London}}
8 : Shopping centres in London|Westfield Group|Retail buildings in London|Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|Shopping malls established in 2008|Tourist attractions in the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham|White City, London|2008 establishments in England |
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