| 词条 | West London Synagogue |
| 释义 |
| building_name =West London Synagogue on Upper Berkeley Street | image =West_London_Synagogue_logo.png | image_size = 160px | caption = | map_type = | map_size = | map_caption = | location =34 Upper Berkeley Street, London W1H 5AU, England, United Kingdom | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | religious_affiliation =Movement for Reform Judaism | rite = | region = | province = | territory = | prefecture = | sector = | district = | cercle = | municipality =City of Westminster | consecration_year =1870 | status = | functional_status =Active | heritage_designation = Grade II listed | leadership = Senior Rabbi: Julia, Baroness Neuberger President: Stephen Moss CBE Chairman: Patrick Mocatta | website ={{url|http://www.wls.org.uk}} | architecture =yes | architect = Davis & Emmanuel (original synagogue); Mewes & Davis (additional administrative building in Seymour Place); Julian Sofaer (Seymour Place extension) | architecture_type = | architecture_style =Neo-Byzantine | general_contractor = | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = | year_completed =1870 (synagogue); 1933–34 (Seymour Place building; extended in 1964 and 1973) | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | refnum = | designated = }}{{infobox designation list | embed=no | designation1 = Grade II | designation1_offname = West London Synagogue | designation1_date = 7 September 1989 | designation1_number = 1247701 }} The West London Synagogue of British Jews, abbreviated WLS ({{lang-he|ק"ק שער ציון}}, Kahal Kadosh Sha'ar Tziyon, "Holy Congregation Gate of Zion"),[1] is a Reform synagogue and congregation near Marble Arch in central London. It was established on 15 April 1840. The current synagogue building in Upper Berkeley Street, dedicated in 1870, is Grade II listed.[2] It is the oldest house of prayer affiliated with the Movement for Reform Judaism and is one of the oldest synagogues in the United Kingdom. History{{Main|Movement for Reform Judaism#History}}On 15 April 1840, 24 members of the Mocatta, Goldsmid and other families announced their secession from their respective congregations, the Sephardi Bevis Marks Synagogue and the Ashkenazi Great Synagogue of London, and their intention to form a prayer group for neither "German nor Portuguese" Jews but for "British Jews", which would allow them to worship together. The Mocattas and Goldsmids had been quarrelling with the wardens and complaining over lack of decorum for years. The new prayer group, convening in Burton Street, hired Reverend David Woolf Marks in March 1841. Marks and the congregation adopted a unique, bibliocentric approach often termed "neo-Karaism" by their critics, largely rejecting the authority of the Oral Torah. They abolished the second day of festivals and excised various prayers grounded in rabbinic tradition. It was only after almost a century that the congregation adopted mainstream Reform Judaism. On 27 January 1842, the West London Synagogue of British Jews was consecrated in its first permanent building, at Burton Street Chapel. By 1848, it had become too crowded for the congregation. A new location was found, in Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, at a cost of £5,000. It was dedicated on 25 January 1849. In 1867, a new location was required again. Eventually, the current synagogue building in Upper Berkeley Street was opened on 22 September 1870. It cost £20,000 and had capacity for 1,000 congregants at the time.[3] With Marks' retirement in 1895, he was replaced by Rabbi Morris Joseph, who abandoned his predecessor's philosophy, which was never very popular with constituents, and brought West London closer to mainland Reform, by removing from the liturgy its petitions for the restoration of sacrifices in Jerusalem. During the 1920s, mixed seating was introduced. In 1929, the synagogue appointed Hebrew Union College graduate Rabbi Harold F. Reinhart, who brought it into the World Union for Progressive Judaism. In 1942, West London Synagogue was a founding member of the Associated British Synagogues (called the Movement for Reform Judaism since 2005). In 1957 Rabbi Reinhart resigned as Senior Minister and, accompanied by 80 former members of West London synagogue, established the New London Synagogue[3] which, shortly afterwards, was renamed Westminster Synagogue.[3] He was succeeded by Rabbi Werner van der Zyl, who served as Senior Rabbi from 1958 to 1968.[4] Rabbi Hugo Gryn succeeded van der Zyl in 1968, until his death in 1996.[4] The synagogue's archives, from 1841 to 1942, are held in the University of Southampton Libraries Special Collections.[5] Current rabbis and wardensRabbi Julia, Baroness Neuberger became senior rabbi in 2011. The current rabbinic team also includes Rabbi Helen Freeman, Rabbi David Mitchell, Rabbi Neil Janes[6] and Rabbi Sybil Sheridan.[7] As of 2018 the wardens are: Rita Yusupoff, Gillian Westwood, David Chapman, Vivien Feather, Oliver Walton and Liliane Chan.[8]Ritual and edificeServices at West London Synagogue follow the prayer books of the Movement for Reform Judaism, which incorporate material from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi traditions. A choir and organ, located behind a screen to the rear of the bimah, accompany the congregation in all musical parts of the service except for the aleinu and the kaddish. Men and women sit together during services, and also play equal parts in leading them. Male worshippers are required to wear a kippah; females can wear one if they wish to do so. The current building, dating from 1870, is located near Marble Arch in London. The main sanctuary was built in the Neo-Byzantine architectural style by Davis & Emmanuel.[9] Its premises, which extend into Seymour Place, also contain offices, a library and various community facilities. The bimah and ark were built in 1869–70 by Davis & Emmanuel.[10] The synagogue's organ, which was renovated in 2007, has 55 stops on four manuals and pedal.[11] See also{{Portal|Judaism|London}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.wls.org.uk/wp-content/themes/wls/getfile.php?id=457&uid=cfcd208495d565ef66e7dff9f98764da | title=Celebrating 174 Years of Reform Judaism in Central London | publisher=West London Synagogue | accessdate=17 February 2016}} 2. ^{{National Heritage List for England |num=1247701 |desc=West London Synagogue|accessdate= 13 September 2016}} 3. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/a2a/records.aspx?cat=074-lma4071&cid=0#0 | title=Access to Archives: Westminster Synagogue | publisher=The National Archives (UK) | accessdate=11 December 2012}} 4. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/london/wls/Ministers_of_the_Congregation.htm | title=West London Synagogue of British Jews: Ministers of the Congregation | publisher=JCR-UK | accessdate=29 January 2019}} 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/86c3ae65-cf04-3fb8-91bd-964ae2f4a31c | title=Archives of the West London Synagogue of British Jews | publisher=Archives Hub | accessdate=15 September 2014}} 6. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.wls.org.uk/at-a-glance/#our-rabbis |title=Our rabbis |publisher =West London Synagogue |access-date=2 December 2018}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.reformjudaism.org.uk/rabbi-sybil-sheridan/ |title=Rabbi Sybil Sheridan |publisher=Movement for Reform Judaism |access-date=4 December 2018}} 8. ^{{cite web |title=West London Synagogue of British Jews: Wardens of the Synagogue 1842–2018 |publisher=JCR-UK |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/london/wls/WLSWardens.htm|date= 3 December 2018|access-date= 29 January 2019}} 9. ^1 {{cite book| title=Religion in Victorian Britain, vol III: Sources | publisher=Manchester University Press in association with the Open University | author=Moore, James R (ed). | year=1988 | pages=490 | isbn=0-7190-2944-9}} 10. ^{{cite web | url=http://viewfinder.historicengland.org.uk/search/detail.aspx?uid=115287 | title=West London Synagogue, Upper Berkeley Street, Westminster, London | publisher=Historic England | work=ViewFinder | date=February 2006 | accessdate=12 August 2015}} 11. ^See specification of the West London Synagogue's organ References{{Reflist}}External links
11 : 1840 establishments in England|19th-century synagogues|Byzantine Revival architecture in the United Kingdom|Byzantine Revival synagogues|Grade II listed buildings in the City of Westminster|Grade II listed places of worship|Reform synagogues in the United Kingdom|Religion in the City of Westminster|Religious organizations established in 1840|Synagogues completed in 1870|Synagogues in London |
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