“Whillans Ice Stream”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Whillans Ice Stream is one of about a half-dozen large, fast-moving rivers of ice pouring from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet into the Ross Ice Shelf. The ice stream is the subject of different glaciological studies, one of which is looking at subglacial lakes that researchers believe may be speeding the movement of the ice as they periodically fill and drain.^[2]

Other researchers, also funded by the National Science Foundation, reported in the June 5, 2008 issue of the journal Nature that, from seismological and GPS data, they discovered the Whillans Ice Stream releases two bursts of seismic waves every day, each one equivalent to a magnitude 7 earthquake. The data show that the river of ice moves about a half-meter within approximately 30 minutes,^[3] remains still for 12 hours, then moves another half-meter, seemingly in phase with gravitational tides. Each time it moves, it emits seismic waves that are recorded at seismographs around Antarctica and even as far away as Australia, a distance of more than 6,400 kilometers.^[4]

In 2007, an active subglacial water system consisting of several interconnected subglacial lakes was discovered under Whillans Ice Stream using repeat-track data from the ICESat satellite (Fricker and others, 2007). One of these active lakes, subglacial Lake Whillans, is the subject of a major drilling program funded by National Science Foundation (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access (WISSARD)) which successfully reached the lake on January 28, 2013.^[5]

In January 2015, drilling near the grounding line revealed a colony of fish, crustaceans, and jellyfish inhabiting the dark, frigid waters below the ice shelf. Images taken with a remote camera showed fish {{convert|20|cm|in}} and amphipods.^[6]

Notes and references

1. ^Antarctic Glaciologists Honored by ACAN
2. ^{{cite web |title=Subglacial Waterworks: Lakes under ice streams appear to speed ice flow as they drain and fill|url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/science/contentHandler.cfm?id=1726 |date=13 March 2009 |last=Rejcek |first=Peter |publisher=United States Antarctic Program |website=The Antarctic Sun |access-date=22 June 2016}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Wiens|first=Douglas|last2=Anandakrishnan |last3=Winberry |last4=King|title=Simultaneous teleseismic and geodetic observations of the stick-slip motion of an Antarctic ice stream|journal=Nature|year=2008|volume=453|pages=770–774|doi=10.1038/nature06990|pmid=18528392}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=Earthshaking Discovery: Researchers find Antarctic ice streams release seismic waves equal to magnitude 7 earthquake |url=http://antarcticsun.usap.gov/science/contentHandler.cfm?id=1476 |date=27 June 2008 |website=The Antarctic Sun|publisher=United States Antarctic Program|access-date=22 June 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web |title=Drill reaches Antarctica's under-ice Lake Whillans |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-21231380 |date=28 January 2013 |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |publisher=BBC |access-date=22 June 2016}}
6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/0123/Bizarre-Antarctic-fish-lives-below-2-500-feet-of-ice |title=Bizarre Antarctic fish lives below 2,500 feet of ice |last=Oskin |first=Becky |publisher=Christian Science Monitor |date=23 January 2015 |access-date= 26 January 2015}}

Recent Research

Notes and references

External links