“Wildlife of Cambodia”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The wildlife of Cambodia is very diverse with a registered 212 mammal species, 536 bird species, 176 reptile species (including 89 subspecies),^[1] 850 freshwater fish species (Tonlé Sap Lake area), and 435 marine fish species. An unknown amount of species remains to be described by science, especially the insect group of butterflies and moths, collectively known as lepidopterans.^[2] Many of the species in the country, including several endemic ones, are recognized by the IUCN or World Conservation Union as threatened, endangered, or critically endangered due to deforestation and habitat destruction, poaching, the illegal wildlife trade, and farming, fishing, and forestry concessions. Intensive poaching may have already driven Cambodia's national animal, the kouprey, to extinction, and wild tigers, Eld's deer, wild water buffaloes and hog deer are at critically low numbers.

Wildlife in Cambodia includes dholes, elephants, deer (sambar, Eld's deer, hog deer and muntjac), wild oxen (banteng and gaur), panthers, bears, and tigers. Cormorants, cranes, ibises, parrots, green peafowl, pheasants, and wild ducks are also found, and species of venomous snakes and constrictors are numerous. Deforestation, mining activities, and unregulated hunting, have diminished the country’s wildlife diversity rapidly.

Cambodia also has many endangered species. Cambodia has 16 globally endangered species and two critically endangered species. Some of Cambodia's endangered species are the Asian elephant, Siamese crocodile, wild water buffalo, and the Germain's silver langur.

Much work is being done in this area to help conserve and protect Cambodia's unique wildlife. Wildlife conservation organizations operating in Cambodia include Conservation International, World Wildlife Fund, the Wildlife Conservation Society, Fauna and Flora International, BirdLife International, Wildlife Alliance, and many others. On 20 December 2016, 163 new animal species were reported in Southeast Asia including one known as the Klingon newt for its resemblance to a Klingon from Star Trek.^[3]

Fauna

Mammals

Reptiles

Fish

Birds

Molluscs

Insects

Only preliminary research has been done on butterflies and moths (lepidopterans) in Cambodia, even though it is an abundant lifeform in the country. No identification literature exists for Cambodia on this group yet.^[2]

Flora

Cambodia supports more than 8000 identified plant species, many of which are endemic to unique local ecosystems, such as the Tonlé Sap floodplain, forests of the Cardamom and Dâmrei Mountains, and elevated plains.^[7]

See also

notes and references

1. ^Reptile Database, accessed 3 March 2013
2. ^¹REPORT 4 Fauna and flora diversity studies in Botum Sakor National Park, Cambodia April 2005 – September 2009 Frontier Cambodia, January 2010. Society for Environmental Exploration 2010.
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://kohrong-sanloem.com/species|title=Cambodia's Islands - Species|publisher=Cambodia islands – Island Species Cambodia|date=|accessdate=December 20, 2017}}
4. ^Insectes Sociaux: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00040-015-0426-2 Predation on large millipedes and self-assembling chains in Leptogenys ants from Cambodia]
5. ^Bug Squad: An Amazing Ant/Millipede Video
6. ^Khmer Times: Cambodia’s Blue Ants Use Teamwork to Pull Prey
7. ^{{cite book|editor=R. Jalonen |editor2=Choo, K.Y. |editor3=Hong, L.T. |editor4=Sim, H.C. |title=Forest genetic resources conservation and management: status in seven South and Southeast Asian countries|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LZCrKhW28_kC&pg=PA3|year=2009|publisher=Bioversity International|isbn=978-967-5221-21-7|pages=3–}}
8. ^Note: Many species are now extinct or near extinct in neighbouring countries and Cambodia happens to hold some of the last refuges.