| 词条 | Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange |
| 释义 |
| consort = yes | name = Princess Wilhelmina | image =Johann Georg Ziesenis - Portret van Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina (1751-1820), prinses van Pruisen, echtgenote van Willem V, prins van Oranje-Nassau.jpg | caption = Painting by Johann Georg Ziesenis (1768-69) | succession = Princess consort of Orange | reign = 4 October 1767 – 9 April 1806 | full name = Friederike Sophie Wilhelmine | birth_date = {{birth date|1751|8|7|df=y}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1820|6|9|1751|8|7|df=y}} | house = Hohenzollern | father = Prince Augustus William of Prussia | mother = Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | spouse = William V, Prince of Orange | issue = Princess Louise William I of the Netherlands Prince Frederik}} Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia (Frederika Sophia Wilhelmina; 7 August 1751 in Berlin – 9 June 1820 in Het Loo) was the consort of William V of Orange and the de facto leader of the dynastic party and counter-revolution in the Netherlands. She was the daughter of Prince Augustus William of Prussia and Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Wilhelmina was the longest-serving Princess consort of Orange. BackgroundWilhelmina was brought up by her grandmother. On 4 October 1767 in Berlin, she was married to William V of Orange, the last Dutch Stadtholder. As a person, she was proud and politically ambitious; as a princess consort, she dominated her spouse and exerted both overt and covert influence on the politics of state. The revolution{{main|Batavian Revolution}}She was deeply involved in the revolutionary political conflict in the Netherlands from 1781 onwards – not only a supporter and partner, but as a main driving power behind the party of her spouse. She was recognized openly as the true leader of the dynastic Stadtholder party, a role its followers actively encouraged her to take. She was in heavy correspondence with foreign powers and used foreign supporters to influence Dutch internal policy. In 1785, her spouse was forced to leave Den Haag and put under a demand to abdicate. Wilhelmina persuaded William not to give in, and subsequently went to Friesland – officially to visit a jubilee, but in reality she aimed to gain support in the ongoing political conflict. In 1786, the family moved from the capital at the Hague to Nijmegen. After the revolution proper broke out in 1787 and William had moved his court to Guelders, she attempted to return to the Hague; on 28 June 1787, she was stopped at Goejanverwellesluis, waiting for permission to continue to her destination; at the end of the day, permission was denied and she was sent back to William. Leader of the counter-revolutionBoth Wilhelmina and her brother, King Frederick William II of Prussia perceived the occurrences as an insult. After having returned to Nijmegen, Wilhelmina asked her brother for a military intervention. Frederick, despite having been in power for only a year, attacked the Dutch Republic on 13 September 1787. Many rebels had to flee to France, and William was restored to power. With the support of foreign troops, Wilhelmina returned to The Hague and was celebrated by her followers as the true ruler of the Netherlands. Exile and later lifeHowever, the Dutch patriots returned in 1795 with support from the French, and William fled to his ally, his cousin George III of England. During their exile, the couple lived in Kew until 1802, and subsequently went to Germany, where they lived in Nassau and Braunschweig (where William died in 1806). Thereafter, Wilhelmina and her daughter – both having been widowed in 1806 – lived together at various places in the Confederation of the Rhine. William, the son of William V and Wilhelmina, went with them into exile, but returned to the Netherlands in 1813 to become King William I of the Netherlands, the founder of the present Dutch monarchy. Wilhelmina and her daughter returned to the Netherlands in 1814. She received Tsar Alexander I of Russia in Haarlem in 1815. ChildrenWilhelmina and William V of Orange were parents to five children:
Ancestry{{ahnentafel|collapsed=yes |align=center |ref=[1] |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; |1= 1. Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia |2= 2. Prince Augustus William of Prussia |3= 3. Duchess Luise of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |4= 4. Frederick William I of Prussia |5= 5. Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover |6= 6. Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |7= 7. Princess Antoinette of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |8= 8. Frederick I of Prussia |9= 9. Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover |10= 10. George I of Great Britain |11= 11. Princess Sophia Dorothea of Celle |12= 12. Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |13= 13. Princess Christine of Hesse-Eschwege |14= 14. Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |15= 15. Princess Christine Louise of Oettingen-Oettingen |16= 16. Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg |17= 17. Countess Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau |18= 18. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover |19= 19. Princess Sophia of the Palatinate |20= 20. Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (= 18) |21= 21. Princess Sophia of the Palatinate (= 19) |22= 22. George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg |23= 23. Éléonore Desmier d'Olbreuse |24= 24. Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |25= 25. Duchess Elisabeth Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow |26= 26. Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege |27= 27. Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Kleeburg |28= 28. Anthony Ulrich, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |29= 29. Princess Elisabeth Juliane of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Norburg |30= 30. Albert Ernest I, Prince of Oettingen-Oettingen |31= 31. Duchess Christine Friederike of Württemberg }} References1. ^{{cite book|title=Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans| trans-title=Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusively of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AINPAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA17|year=1768|publisher=Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel|location=Bourdeaux|language=fr|page=17}} {{S-start}}{{S-hou|House of Hohenzollern|7 August|1751|9 June|1820}}|-{{S-roy|nl}} |-{{S-vac|last=Anne, Princess Royal}}{{S-ttl|title=Princess consort of Orange|years=1767–1806}}{{S-aft|after=Wilhelmine of Prussia}} |-{{s-end}}{{Prussian princesses by birth}}{{Princess Consorts of Orange}}{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilhelmina Of Prussia 1751-1820, Princess}} 8 : Princesses of Orange|House of Hohenzollern|House of Orange-Nassau|1751 births|1820 deaths|People of the Patriottentijd|Prussian princesses|Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft |
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