| 词条 | Willard Boyle |
| 释义 |
|name = Willard S. Boyle |image = Nobel Prize 2009-Press Conference KVA-23.jpg |image_size = 200px |caption = Boyle in 2009 |birth_date = {{birth date|1924|8|19}} |birth_place = Amherst, Nova Scotia |death_date = {{death date and age|2011|5|7|1924|8|19}} |death_place = Wallace, Nova Scotia [1] |residence = Canada |citizenship = Canada and United States[2] |nationality = |ethnicity = |fields = Applied physics |workplaces = Bell Labs |alma_mater = McGill University Lower Canada College |doctoral_advisor = |academic_advisors = |doctoral_students = |notable_students = |known_for = Charge-coupled device[3] |author_abbrev_bot = |author_abbrev_zoo = |influences = |influenced = |awards = Stuart Ballantine Medal (1973) IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award (1974) Draper Prize (2006) Nobel Prize in Physics (2009) |religion = |signature = |footnotes = }}Willard Sterling Boyle, {{Post-nominals|country=CAN|CC}} (August 19, 1924{{spaced ndash}}May 7, 2011) was a Canadian physicist.[4] He was a pioneer in the field of laser technology and co-inventor of the charge-coupled device.[5] As director of Space Science and Exploratory Studies at Bellcomm he helped select lunar landing sites and provided support for the Apollo space program.[6] On October 6, 2009, it was announced that he would share the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit—the CCD sensor, which has become an electronic eye in almost all areas of photography".[2] He was appointed a Companion of the Order of Canada — the award's highest level — on June 30, 2010.[6] Early LifeBorn in Amherst, Nova Scotia, on August 19, 1924, Boyle was the son of a medical doctor and moved to Quebec with his father and mother Bernice when he was less than two.[7] He was home schooled by his mother until age fourteen, when he attended Montreal's Lower Canada College to complete his secondary education.[7] EducationBoyle attended McGill University, but his education was interrupted in 1943, when he joined the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II.[7] He was loaned to the Royal Navy, where he was learning how to land Spitfires on aircraft carriers as the war ended.[7] He gained a BSc in 1947, an MSc in 1948, and a PhD degree in 1950, all from McGill University.[8] CareerAfter receiving his doctorate, Boyle spent one year at Canada's Radiation Lab and two years teaching physics at the Royal Military College of Canada.[7] Bell LabsIn 1953 Boyle joined Bell Labs where he invented the first continuously operating ruby laser with Don Nelson in 1962,[9] and was named on the first patent for a semiconductor injection laser.[9] He was made director of Space Science and Exploratory Studies at the Bell Labs subsidiary Bellcomm in 1962, providing support for the Apollo space program and helping to select lunar landing sites.[9] He returned to Bell Labs in 1964, working on the development of integrated circuits.[9] Invention of charge-coupled deviceIn 1969, Boyle and George E. Smith invented the charge-coupled device (CCD), for which they have jointly received the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1973, the 1974 IEEE Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Award, the 2006 Charles Stark Draper Prize, and the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics.[8][9] The CCD allowed NASA to send clear pictures to Earth back from space.[21] It is also the technology that powers many digital cameras today. Smith said of their invention: "After making the first couple of imaging devices, we knew for certain that chemistry photography was dead." [10] Eugene Gordon and Mike Tompsett, two now-retired colleagues from Bell labs, claim that its application to photography was not invented by Boyle.[11] Boyle was Executive Director of Research for Bell Labs from 1975 until his retirement in 1979.[21] Personal LifeIn retirement he split his time between Halifax and Wallace, Nova Scotia.[12] In Wallace, he helped launch an art gallery with his wife Betty, a landscape artist.[7] He was married to Betty since 1946 and had four children, 10 grandchildren and 6 great-grandchildren.[5] In his later years, Boyle suffered from kidney disease, and due to complications from this disease, died in a hospital in Nova Scotia on May 7, 2011.[13] Notes1. ^{{cite news | title = Willard Boyle | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/8517452/Willard-Boyle.html | newspaper = The Telegraph | location = London | date = 2011-05-16 | accessdate = 2012-07-11 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696vQGdIQ?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/science-obituaries/8517452/Willard-Boyle.html | archivedate = 2012-07-12 | deadurl = yes | df = }} {{commons category|Willard Boyle}}{{wikiquote}}{{wikinews|Controversy raised about 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics}}{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 2001-2025}}{{2009 Nobel Prize Winners}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boyle, Willard}}2. ^1 {{cite web|title=Willard S. Boyle - Biographical|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/press.html|work=Nobelprize.org|publisher=Noble Foundation|accessdate=2012-07-12|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/696rLUoJR?url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2009/boyle.html|archivedate=2012-07-12|location=Stockholm|deadurl=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Smith | first1 = George | title = Willard Boyle (1924–2011) Physicist who helped invent the 'eye of the digital camera'.| doi = 10.1038/474037a | journal = Nature | volume = 474 | issue = 7349 | pages = 37 | year = 2011 | pmid = 21637246| pmc = }} 4. ^{{cite news |last = Chang |first = Kenneth |date = 2009-10-07 |title = Nobel Awarded for Harnessing Light |newspaper = The New York Times |page = A20 |location = New York |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/science/07nobel.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Willard%20Boyle&st=cse |accessdate = 2009-10-09 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696spD3LO?url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/science/07nobel.html?_r=3&scp=1&sq=Willard%20Boyle&st=cse# |archivedate = 2012-07-12 |deadurl = yes |df = }} 5. ^1 {{cite news |date = 2009-10-06 |title = Canadian scientist shares Nobel physics prize |newspaper = CBC News |location = Toronto |url = http://www.cbc.ca/world/story/2009/10/06/nobel-prize-physics-kao-boyle-smith281.html |accessdate = 2015-09-22 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696tnOg2T?url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/story/2009/10/06/nobel-prize-physics-kao-boyle-smith281.html |archivedate = 2012-07-12 |deadurl = no |df = }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13725&lan=eng|title=Governor General announces 74 new appointments to the Order of Canada|author=Governor General of Canada|author-link=Governor General of Canada|date=2010-06-30|work=It's an Honour|publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/696tzHjrT?url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=13725&lan=eng#|archivedate=2012-07-12|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2012-07-12|df=}} 7. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal | last = Baxter | first = Joan | date = 2006-02-16 | title = A modest man's big idea Digital chip changed the world | journal = The Toronto Star | page = A3 | url = https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/987663601.html?dids=987663601:987663601&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+16%2C+2006&author=Joan+Baxter&pub=Toronto+Star&edition=&startpage=A.03&desc=A+modest+man%27s+big+idea+Digital+chip+changed+the+world| accessdate = 2009-10-06}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |title = McGill congratulates its second Nobel-winning alumnus of 2009 |work = Alumni News |publisher = McGill University |date = 2009-10-06 |url = https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=111171 |accessdate = 2009-10-15 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696yL0uk8?url=http://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/news/item/?item_id=111171 |archivedate = 2012-07-12 |deadurl = yes |df = }} 9. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite news | first = Jill | last = Mahoney |author2=Elizabeth Church | title = The Nobel Physics Prize: A Canadian who took big risks takes home the big prize | newspaper = The Globe and Mail | location = Toronto | date = 2009-10-07 | pages = A1-A2 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.honoraryunsubscribe.com/willard_boyle.html|title=Willard Boyle|last=Cassingham|first=Randy|date=2011-05-15|work=This is True|location=Ridgway, Colorado|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/696q2Vu0B?url=http://www.honoraryunsubscribe.com/willard_boyle.html|archivedate=2012-07-12|deadurl=yes|accessdate=2012-07-12|df=}} 11. ^Nobel Controversy: Former Bell Labs Employee Says He Invented the CCD Imager IEEE 12. ^{{cite web |title = Nobel laureate dies Saturday |url = http://www.amherstdaily.com/News/Local/2011-05-08/article-2489707/Nobel-laureate-dies-Saturday/1 |work = Amherst Daily News |date = 2011-05-08 |location = Amherst, N.S. |accessdate = 2015-09-22 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696nnczKJ?url=http://www.cumberlandnewsnow.com//News/Local/2011-05-08/article-2489707/Nobel-laureate-dies-Saturday/1 |archivedate = 2012-07-12 |deadurl = yes |df = }} 13. ^1 2 {{cite news |last = Maugh II |first = Thomas H. |title = Nobelist was a father of the digital camera |url = http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/19/local/la-me-willard-boyle-20110519 |accessdate = 2012-07-11 |newspaper = Los Angeles Times |date = 2011-05-19 |archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/696wnxytx?url=http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/19/local/la-me-willard-boyle-20110519 |archivedate = 2012-07-12 |location = Los Angeles |deadurl = yes |df = }} 17 : 1924 births|2011 deaths|Canadian expatriates in the United States|Canadian inventors|Canadian Nobel laureates|Canadian physicists|Companions of the Order of Canada|Deaths from kidney disease|Disease-related deaths in Nova Scotia|McGill University alumni|Nobel laureates in Physics|Draper Prize winners|People from Amherst, Nova Scotia|People from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia|Royal Military College of Canada faculty|Scientists at Bell Labs|National Inventors Hall of Fame inductees |
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