| 词条 | William A. Richardson |
| 释义 |
| name = William Richardson | image = William Richardson.jpg | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1795|08|27}} | birth_place = London, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|1856|04|20|1795|8|27}} | death_place = Sausalito, California | other_names = | known_for = | occupation = | nationality = }} William Richardson (August 27, 1795 – April 20, 1856) was an early California entrepreneur, influential in the development of Yerba Buena, the forerunner of San Francisco. Richardson was the first to receive a land grant in the city, deeded to him by the alcalde, José Joaquín Estudillo.[1] He was subsequently granted the Rancho Saucelito, an even larger rancho land holding across San Francisco Bay comprising a large portion of present-day southeastern Marin County. On these lands, he founded the city of Sausalito. LifeRichardson arrived as second mate[2] aboard the British whaling ship Orion in San Francisco Bay in 1822, shortly after Mexico had won its independence from Spain. An English mariner who had picked up a fluency in Spanish during his travels, he jumped ship after meeting and dancing with a local woman, Maria Antonia Martinez, at an all-night fiesta.[3] He quickly became an influential presence in the now-Mexican territory. By 1825, Richardson had assumed Mexican citizenship, converted to Roman Catholicism and married Maria Antonia Martinez (1803–1887), the eldest daughter of Ygnacio Martinez, commandant of the Presidio of San Francisco and, in 1842, grantee of Rancho El Pinole. His ambitions now expanding to land holdings of his own; Richardson submitted a petition to Governor Echeandía for a rancho on the headlands across the Golden Gate from the Presidio, to be called "Rancho Saucelito".[4] The Spanish word Saucelito is believed to refer to a small cluster of willows, a moist-soil tree, indicating the presence of a freshwater spring and/or creek[5] (possibly Coyote Creek). Even before filing his claim, Richardson had used the fresh-water source to establish a watering station on the shores of what is now the town of Sausalito (with changed spelling), selling fresh water to visiting vessels. Between Sausalito and the Tiburon Peninsula to the north is an inlet of San Francisco Bay, now called Richardson Bay, which formed part of the northern limit to Richardson's claim. However, his ownership of the land was legally tenuous: other claims had been submitted for the same region, and, at any rate, Mexican law reserved headlands for military uses, not private ownership.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}} Richardson temporarily abandoned his claim and settled instead outside the Presidio, building the first two-story wood-frame house in the area and laying out the street plan for the pueblo of Yerba Buena (the old plaza is now Portsmouth Square). The small settlement was intended as a trading post and resupply point for ships visiting San Francisco Bay.[2] Richardson's seafaring experience was instrumental in his also being appointed Port Captain, responsible for overseeing maritime commerce and often personally piloting arriving ships to their anchorage. After years of lobbying and legal wrangling, Richardson was given clear title to all {{convert|19751|acre|km2}} of Rancho Saucelito on February 11, 1838. By 1841, he had sold his holdings across the bay and taken possession of the rancho, while still serving as port captain of Yerba Buena. He had financial problems in his later years and died in bankruptcy. In the 1966 episode "Water Bringer" of the syndicated western television series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Ronald W. Reagan, Rory Calhoun played Richardson in his first visit off the Orion to California. Calhoun's then wife, Lita Baron, was cast as Maria Martinez, the future Mrs. Richardson. Will Kuluva played the part of Ygnacio Martinez. Don Haggerty played the cruel Captain Hayworth, commander of the Orion.[6] LegacyRichardson Bay and Richardson Ave. in San Francisco's Marina District are named for William Richardson. Richardson Street is one of five consecutive streets in Martinez, California named for the sons-in-law of Don Ygnacio Martinez (whose land grant included the area that became the City of Martinez). References1. ^{{cite book | title=The Beginnings of San Francisco: From the Expedition of Anza, 1774, to the City Charter of April 15, 1850 | page=505 | first=Zoeth Skinner | last=Eldridge | year=1912 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ZgMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA505 | oclc= 647045293}} 2. ^1 {{cite news | last = Carter | first = Joseph | title = San Francisco (letter to the editor) | newspaper = New York Times | date = 1997-04-06}} 3. ^{{cite web | last = Kamiya | first = G. | authorlink = | title = 1st S.F. civic improvement: Yerba Buena footbridge | work = SFGate | publisher = San Francisco Chronicle | date = 2013-07-06 | url = http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/1st-S-F-civic-improvement-Yerba-Buena-footbridge-4649647.php | accessdate = 2013-07-07}} 4. ^Robert Ryal Miller, [https://books.google.com/books?id=BTYSAQAAIAAJ Captain Richardson, Mariner, Ranchero, and Founder of San Francisco] Berkeley: La Loma Press, 1995 [Call number at SSU: Regional Room F869 .S353 R546] 1995 5. ^Tracy, Jack. [https://books.google.com/books?id=WDMGAAAACAAJ Sausalito Moments in Time: A Pictorial History of Sausalito 1850-1950]. Sausalito:Windgate Press 1983. {{ISBN|0-915269-00-7}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0556923/?ref_=tt_ep_pr|title=The Water Bringer on Death Valley Days|publisher=Internet Movie Data Base|date=March 17, 1966|accessdate=September 8, 2015}}
[New York Times, letter to the editor by Joseph Carter, New York, NY, Sunday, April 6, 1997 (page 10)] {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Richardson, William}} 14 : California pioneers|Businesspeople from California|American landowners|1795 births|1856 deaths|American city founders|English businesspeople|Mexican businesspeople|Naturalized citizens of Mexican California|English emigrants to Mexico|Mexican people of English descent|People from Sausalito, California|People from the San Francisco Bay Area|Sausalito, California |
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