| 词条 | William Frederick Havemeyer |
| 释义 |
| name = William Frederick Havemeyer | image = William Frederick Havemeyer.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | caption =William Frederick Havemeyer, circa 1844-1860 | order = 66th, 69th and 80th Mayor of New York City | term_start = 1845 | term_end = 1846 | governor = | predecessor = James Harper | successor = Andrew H. Mickle | term_start2 = 1848 | term_end2 = 1849 | governor2 = | predecessor2 = William Brady | successor2 = Caleb Smith Woodhull | term_start3 = 1873 | term_end3 = 1874 | governor3 = | predecessor3 = Abraham Oakey Hall | successor3 = Samuel B. H. Vance | birth_date = {{birth date|1804|02|12}} | birth_place = New York City, New York | death_date = {{death date and age|1874|11|30|1804|02|12}} | death_place = | residence = | alma_mater = Columbia University | party = Democratic | profession = | parents = William Havemeyer | spouse = {{marriage|Sarah Agnes Craig |1828|1874|reason=his death}} | children = 10 }}William Frederick Havemeyer (February 12, 1804 – November 30, 1874) was a German American businessman and politician of New York who served three times as Mayor of New York City during the 19th century.[1] Early yearsHavemeyer was born in New York City at No. 31 Pine Street.[2] He was the son of William Havemeyer (1770–1851) who was the first of the family to emigrate from Germany to America. He had been left an orphan in childhood, and at the age of fifteen went to London, where he learned the trade of sugar refining, becoming in time the superintendent of the refinery. In 1799,[1] he came to New York City under contract to Edmund Seaman & Co. and took charge of their sugar house on Pine Street.[2] His father began his own business in 1807, establishing one of the first sugar refineries in New York City, on Vandam Street, between Hudson and Greenwich Streets. In the same year he took out his naturalization papers.[2] The younger Havemeyer grew up in the neighborhood of Vandam St. where the family sugar refinery was located.[2] He received a liberal arts education, attending Columbia College of Columbia University and Wykoff Village Academy, graduating from the former in 1823. Soon after graduation he entered his father's service as clerk and obtained a thorough business training. In 1828, he formed a partnership with his cousin, Frederick Christian Havemeyer (1807–1891), under the firm name of W. F. & F. C. Havemeyer, sugar refiners. In 1842, he sold out his interest in the firm to his brother Albert. Thus after fourteen years, while still young, he retired from business a wealthy man.[2] AncestorsHavemeyer's middle-class ancestors lived in Bückeburg, in the German principality of Schaumburg-Lippe. Some spelled the last name Hoffmeyer or Hoevemeyer. In 1644, Hermann Hoevemeyer formed, with nineteen others, a bakers' guild. Dietrich Wilhelm Hoevemeyer, born in 1725, was a master baker, and a member of the city council of Bückeburg, and also served in the Seven Years' War.[3] His cousin's son Henry Osborne Havemeyer became a member of the Havemeyer family sugar refining firm, which controlled more than half the entire sugar interest of the country. Henry O.'s brother, Theodore Havemeyer, was co-founder of the U.S. Golf Association and U.S. Open. CareerIn 1844, Havemeyer entered local politics with the Democratic Party as an elector for James K. Polk and George M. Dallas during the United States presidential election. He had been a supporter of President Andrew Jackson. He was also friendly with President Martin Van Buren with whom he had corresponded and urged vehemently to emulate Jackson's firmness in the face of popular outcry.[4] In 1844, the Democrats of the ward Havemeyer lived in were divided into two factions about equal in strength. To avoid a conflict, it was determined to send to the Tammany Hall convention three influential men, irrespective of factional feeling. James T. Brady, Gustavus A. Conover, and Havemeyer were selected. Then at the state convention of the Democratic Party, held at Syracuse 4 September 1844, Havemeyer was nominated for the office of presidential elector.[3] First terms as mayorAs a member of the general committee of Tammany Hall, Havemeyer showed such marked business ability that he was appointed chairman of the finance committee. In this position, he gained many friends in the Democratic Party, and he was recommended to President Polk by a number of influential citizens as eminently fitted for the collectorship of the Port of New York. But Havemeyer's independence did not suit the politicians who desired a collector who could be more easily controlled by the party leaders. With a view to retrieve control of the collectorship, and at the same time not run counter to Havemeyer's growing popularity, they offered him the nomination for the mayoralty.[3] Thus, in 1845, with the support of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine, Havemeyer was nominated for the office of Mayor of New York, "laying stress on the fact that he was a native New Yorker." His opponent was incumbent mayor James Harper.[2] In April,[3] he was elected by a large majority[4] and served a one-year term, from 1845 to 1846. The New York State Legislature approved a proposal to authorize creation of a New York City police force on May 7, 1844, along with abolition of the nightwatch system. During Havemeyer's administration, the NYPD was organized on May 13, 1845, with the city divided into three districts, with courts, magistrates, clerks, and station houses being set up.[5] Havemeyer attempted to reform the powers of the Common Council, leading to the drafting of a new government charter that provided for direct election of Department heads who had previously been appointed by the Council. In 1846, together with Robert B. Minturn and Gulian C. Verplanck, Havemeyer strove to abolish the abuses practised on immigrants. The result of their efforts was the Board of Emigration Commissioners, of which Havemeyer was the first president.[4] His reform efforts irritated the Tammany leaders: "Mayor Havemeyer not being pliable enough for the Wigwam leaders, they nominated and elected, in the spring of 1846, Andrew H. Mickle, by a vote of 21,675, the Whigs receiving 15,111, and the Native Americans 8,301." In 1848, Havemeyer was again elected as mayor.[4] Although invited to run for succeeding terms in both 1846 and 1849, he declined to serve more than one term at a time.[2] Business careerAs a young man, Havemeyer had been a director of the Merchants' Exchange Bank.[4] When he took leave from New York's political scene, Havemeyer returned to business as a banker. In 1851 he was voted president of the Bank of North America which he successfully led through the panic of 1857 and left in 1861. In 1857 he also became president of the New York Savings Bank when that institution was in great danger of suspension, leaving it also in 1861 after it was placed upon a secure foundation.[3] He also became a large stockholder of the Pennsylvania Coal Company and Long Island Rail Road among insurance and other corporate interests. Also on leaving the office of mayor, Havemeyer became a trustee of the Astor Public Library.[6] Return to politicsIn 1859, he was nominated by Tammany Hall to run against Democratic candidate Fernando Wood, who had lost favor with some of the Tammany factions, and the Republican candidate George Opdyke. Havemeyer narrowly lost to Wood 30,000 to 27,000 (Opdyke gained 23,000 votes). During the American Civil War, Havemeyer was a strong advocate of the Union and urged the abolition of slavery as a war measure.[4] In July 1866, Havemeyer was selected, along with Thurlow Weed, as arbitrator in the matter of a controversy relative to certain claims which had been pending for more than ten years between the Board of Public Charities and Correction and the Board of Commissioners of Emigration involving an amount of more than $100,000. The report was accepted as satisfactory by both parties, and the controversy settled.[3] In the wake the Boss Tweed financial scandal, which forced the political boss of Tammany Hall to flee the country, Havemeyer was named vice president of the political reform organization Committee of 70 and assisted in organizing reform associations in all the city's assembly districts. He was chosen chairman of a noted mass reform meeting held at Cooper Union on 4 September 1871, and his speech on that occasion was one of the most fearless and outspoken of any in its denunciation of the official thieves.[4] Largely involved in voting the corrupt Tweed administration out of office, Havemeyer was nominated by the Republican Party Convention as a candidate for Mayor of New York on 1 October 1872. Although he at first declined to accept the nomination, the decision was supported by the Committee of 70 and the United Reform Convention, and he once again returned to successfully defeat Tammany Hall candidate Abraham R. Lawrence and James O'Brien to be elected and become Mayor for a third time, the first candidate since DeWitt Clinton to do so.[7] During his third term, in the reorganization of the city government political organization under the Charter of 1873, several of his nominations were opposed by the Board of Aldermen. The greater part of his time was spent in wrangles with the aldermen and other city officers.[4] Several of his appointments were controversial, for example he reappointed two police commissioners who had been convicted of violating their oaths of office.[2] An application was made to the Governor of New York for his removal from office, a step which the executive declined to take.[4] Personal lifeOn April 15, 1828, Havemeyer was married to Sarah Agnes Craig (1807–1894), the daughter of U.S. Congressman Hector Craig (1775–1842).[8] Together, they were the parents of ten children, including:[8]
Havemeyer died while in office on November 30, 1874.[10] He was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City.[11][12] LegacyThe Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named William Frederick Havemeyer from 1875 to 1901.[13] See also
References1. ^Albert B. Faust, The German Element in the United States (2 vols.), Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1909, vol. 2, pp. 70-71. This source actually calls William F. Havemeyer the grandson of the first William, but this seems inconsistent with most other sources. 2. ^1 2 3 {{Cite DAB|title=Havemeyer, William Frederick|author=William Bristol Shaw|year=1932}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 {{Cite book|title=Life, Letters and Addresses of John Craig Havemeyer|editor=|location=New York|publisher=Fleming H. Revell Co.|year=1914|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uewEAAAAMAAJ|pages=20–31}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{Cite Appletons'|wstitle=Havemeyer, William Frederick|year=1892}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=American Metropolis: A History of New York City |author=Lankevich, George L. |publisher=NYU Press |year=1998 |isbn=0-8147-5186-5 |pages=84–85}} 6. ^{{Cite ANB|title=Havemeyer, William Frederick|author=Robert D. Sampson}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Mayor Havemeyer. Action of Municipal and Civic Bodies Concerning His Death. Proceedings at the Coroner's Inquest-- Preparations for the Funeral-- a Military and Civil Display to Be Made--Resolutions of Eulogy Adopted. the Inquest. Death Due to Disease of the Heart-- Minute Details of the Incidents Attending the Mayor's Death. Arrangements for the Funeral. Action of the Municipal Bodies.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/02/archives/mayor-havemeyer-action-of-municipal-and-civic-bodies-concerning-his.html|accessdate=16 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=2 December 1874}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Hall|first1=Henry|title=America's Successful Men of Affairs: The City of New York|date=1895|publisher=New York Tribune|page=302|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X5wMAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA302&lpg=PA302|accessdate=16 January 2018|language=en}} 9. ^{{cite news|title=WM. F. HAVEMEYER FOUND DEAD IN BED; Heart Disease Kills Banker at Home of W.R. Willcox, His Son-in-Law.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1913/09/08/archives/wm-f-havemeyer-found-dead-in-bed-heart-disease-kills-banker-at-home.html|accessdate=16 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=8 September 1913}} 10. ^1 {{cite news|title=Death of the Mayor.; He Dies in His Office, of Apoplexy. Action of the Courts, Commissions, and Departments--Tributes to His Memory. Mayor Havemeyer's Last Hours. Mayor Havemeyer's Career. a Premonition. the Body at the House. the Remains Not to Lie in State. the Funeral Services Action of the Common Council. the Board of Aldermen. the Board of Assistant Aldermen. Meeting of the Special Joint Committee. Alderman Vance Sworn in as Mayor. Action of the Commissioners of Emigration. Action of the Brooklyn Common Council. the Political Significance of the Mayor's Death. in the Courts. Kelly's Libel Suit Against the Mayor. Action of the Other Courts. the News at Police Head-Quarters. Action of the Excise Commissioners. the News in Boston.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/01/archives/death-of-the-mayor-he-dies-in-his-office-of-apoplexy-action-of-the.html|accessdate=16 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=1 December 1874}} 11. ^Political Graveyard 12. ^{{cite news|title=The Late Mayor Havemeyer.; the Preparations for the Funeral Ceremonies the Regiments Which Will Parade Route of the Procession Other Particulars.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1874/12/03/archives/the-late-mayor-havemeyer-the-preparations-for-the-funeral.html|accessdate=16 January 2018|work=The New York Times|date=3 December 1874}} 13. ^{{cite web| url = http://marine1fdny.com/fireboat_history_new.php| title = Fireboats Through The Years| author = Clarence E. Meek| date = July 1954| accessdate = 2015-06-28| deadurl = No }} Further reading
External links
7 : 1804 births|1874 deaths|American people of German descent|New York (state) Republicans|Mayors of New York City|Havemeyer family|Columbia University alumni |
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