| 词条 | William I, Count of Holland |
| 释义 |
|title=Count of Holland |image= Guillaume Ier de Hollande.png |caption=William I as imagined in the 16th century |reign=1203 – 4 February 1222 |coronation= |full name= |predecessor=Ada |successor=Floris IV |spouse ={{plainlist|
}} |issue= {{plainlist|
}} |royal house= |father=Floris III |mother=Ada of Huntingdon |birth_date=ca. 1167 |birth_place=The Hague |death_date={{death date|1222|2|4|mf=y}} |death_place= |place of burial=Rijnsburg |religion=Roman Catholicism |}} William I (c. 1167 – 4 February 1222), Count of Holland from 1203 to 1222. He was the younger son of Floris III and Ada of Huntingdon. LifeWilliam was born in The Hague, but raised in Scotland. He started a revolt against his brother, Dirk VII and became count in Friesland after a reconciliation. Friesland was considered as a part of Holland by the Counts of Holland. His niece, Ada, Countess of Holland inherited Holland in 1203, but William couldn't accept this. After a war of succession, known as the Loon War (1203–1206), William won the county. Ada and her husband, Louis II, were supported by the bishop of Liège and bishop of Utrecht, and the count of Flanders. William was supported by the duke of Brabant and by the majority of the Hollanders. Emperor Otto IV acknowledged him as count of Holland in 1203, because he was a supporter of the Welfs. He and many others changed allegiance to emperor Frederick II after the battle of Bouvines in 1214. He took part in a French expedition against king John of England. The pope excommunicated him for this. Possibly because of this, William then became a fervent crusader and by this his excommunication was lifted. He campaigned in Prussia and joined in the conquest of Alcácer do Sal. In Europe, he came to be called William the Crazy for his chivalric and reckless behaviour in battle. William conquered the city of Damietta during the Fifth Crusade. Evolution of the countyThere were great changes in the landscape of Holland in the end of the 12th and during the 13th century. Many colonists bought land to turn the swamps into polders. Most of the swamps had been sold, and irrigation had started during the reign of William. Huge infrastructural works were done; the island called Grote Waard was enclosed with dikes all around and a dam was built at Spaarndam. New governmental bodies were created, the so-called water boards, which were charged with the task of protecting the polders against ever-present threat of flooding. Count William granted city rights to Geertruidenberg in 1213, to Dordrecht in 1217, to Middelburg in 1220 and perhaps also to Leiden. In this way he gave an impulse to trade. FamilyCount William was married twice. First, he was married in 1197 at Stavoren to Adelaide of Guelders, daughter of Otto I, Count of Guelders and Richarde of Bavaria. They had the following children:
Adelaide died on 12 February 1218 while William was away on crusade. In 1220 Count William remarried with Marie of Brabant, second wife of Emperor Otto IV, daughter of Henry I, Duke of Brabant and Maud of Boulogne and Alsace, while soon after his death in 1222 his son Floris married Mathilde of Brabant, her ten year younger sister. Ancestors{{ahnentafel|align=center |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; |boxstyle_5=background-color: #fcb; |1= William I, Count of Holland |2= Floris III, Count of Holland |3= Ada of Huntingdon |4= Dirk VI, Count of Holland |5= Sophia of Rheineck |6= Henry of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon |7= Ada de Warenne |8= Floris II, Count of Holland |9= Gertrude (Petronella) of Lorraine |10= Otto I, Count of Salm, Rheineck and Bentheim |11= Gertrud of Northeim |12= David I, King of Scotland |13= Maud of Northumbria, Countess of Huntingdon |14= William de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey |15= Elizabeth of Vermandois |16= Dirk V, Count of Holland |17= Othelindis |18= Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine |19= Hedwig of Formbach |20= Hermann of Salm, King of Germany |21= Sophia of Formbach |22= Henry, Margrave of Frisia |23= Gertrude of Brunswick |24= Malcolm III, King of Scotland |25= Margaret of England |26= Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria |27= Judith of Lens |28= William de Warenne, 1st Earl of Surrey |29= Gundred |30= Hugh of France, Count of Vermandois |31= Adela of Vermandois }} References
| title = Graven van Holland : portretten in woord en beeld (880-1580) | publisher = Walburg Pers | year = 1995 | location = Zwolle | pages = 29–30 | isbn = 978-90-6011-915-0}}
title = Count of Holland | years = 1203–1222 | before = Ada | after = Floris IV | }}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:William I, Count Of Holland}} 12 : 1167 births|1222 deaths|People from The Hague|People temporarily excommunicated by the Roman Catholic Church|Dutch monarchs|Counts of Holland|People of the Northern Crusades|Christians of the Fifth Crusade|People of the Reconquista|Burials at Rijnsburg Abbey|House of Holland|13th-century people of the Holy Roman Empire |
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