| 词条 | William Randell |
| 释义 |
William Richard Randell "Captain Randell" (2 May 1824 – 4 March 1911),[1] was an Australian politician and pioneer born in Devon, England, who emigrated to the newly founded colony of South Australia in 1837 with his family. He was a pioneer of the riverboat industry on the River Murray and represented the Electoral district of Gumeracha in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1899. Captain Randell can also refer to his son (Richard) Murray Randell (2 February 1863 – 6 March 1952), who took over management of his father's small fleet of River Murray paddle steamers. Early yearsBorn the eldest son of William Beavis Randell (1799–1876), a miller of Sidbury, Devon, and Mary Ann Elliott Randell (née Beare) (1799 – 22 December 1874), William was educated in Exeter. The family emigrated to Adelaide in 1837 on the "Hartley", probably on the recommendation of family friend George Fife Angas,[2] arriving at Holdfast Bay on 20 October 1837. His father was appointed as Stock Manager for the South Australian Company, and was to have overseen erection and operation of its steam-driven flour mill, but though the mill machinery and building materials arrived shortly after the "Hartley", it was stranded on Kangaroo Island and did not arrive on the mainland for some time. The family first lived in a large tent rented from Robert Gouger then in 1839 moved into "Park Cottage"[3] of 11 rooms on the banks of the Torrens, (demolished c. 1970) on section 256, the site of the present Adelaide Caravan Park.[4] The mill (1842–1872) was built where Hackney Hotel is now. In 1840 W. B. Randell purchased 566 acres as a "Special Survey", then another tranche, totalling 966 acres which he called "Kenton Park" (probably named for Kenton, Devon). He completed a home in 1844, and "Kenton Mill" which commenced operation in 1848,[5] with William Richard Randell its first manager. In 1852 he laid out the town of Gumeracha above the flood level of Kenton Creek.[4] Family of W. B. RandellWilliam Beavis Randell (originally "Randle")[4] married Mary Ann Elliott Beare (or Bear)[4] (1799–1874) on 17 April 1823. They had 9 children:
The "Mary Ann"As well as his mill management duties, William Randell assisted his father and brothers with their vast property which stretched from present-day Gumeracha to the River Murray. His duties often involved droving cattle to the banks of the lower Murray, and dreamt of steam-boats being able to transport produce between South Australia and the neighbouring colony of Victoria. At the time South Australia was struggling to retain its population due to emigration to the Victorian goldfields. In 1852, with no experience in the steamboat construction, Randell commissioned local carpenters to build the frame of a {{convert|55|ft|m|adj=mid|-long}}, {{convert|9|ft|m|adj=mid| beam}} paddlewheel boat of shallow draught, capacity 20 ton in Gumeracha. It was dismantled, taken by bullock cart across the plains to Reedy Creek Station and the Noa No landing about 2 miles north of the present Mannum. There it was rebuilt, clad in local redgum. Named the Mary Ann, after his mother, the steamer featured a {{convert|10|in|mm|adj=mid| bore}} cylinder beam-engine delivering 8 horsepower, made by a German engineer from Adelaide, Carl Gehlkin. The boiler was an unsatisfactory rectangular affair built by the Randells' blacksmith.[7] Its first trip, of 24 miles, was made on 19 February 1853.[9] On 4 March she arrived at Goolwa for her first official voyage and received in grand style by the lieutenant-governor Sir Henry Young and hundreds of others. He set off on the return trip that afternoon.[10] On 25 March 1853 he had navigated to Penn's Reach, a few miles north of Morgan, when low water levels forced him to return. The following year he reached Swan Hill, {{convert|1000|mi|km}} from the sea at Goolwa.[11] Later that year Captain Cadell won the Government's £2000 prize for the first practicable cargo boat Lady Augusta[12] (The £2000 was soon raised to £4000 on Cadell's agreement to build another boat. By the terms of the contest, the "Mary Ann" was never a contender for the prize.)[2] The Mary Ann was later rebuilt as one half of a two-hulled vessel named Gemini.[13] ExpansionRandell abandoned Noa No as too subject to flooding and built a small "pug and pine" cottage, the start of the town of Mannum, and a dry-dock. His second boat, the twin-hulled single paddle-wheel "Gemini", despite its small size and ungainly appearance, managed some feats of navigation into New South Wales. She reached Lang's Crossing (where Hay stands now), then Brewarrina in 1859, and on another occasion as far as Walgett.[2][14] Randell built (or commissioned) many more steamers: "Bogan", "Bunyip" (destroyed by fire in 1863,[1] along with its barges), "Ariel", "Nil Desperandum", "Corowa", "Waragery", "Tyro", and "Ruby".[2] Wentworth, New South Wales was Randell's base for two decades until the 1870s, as he supervised the expansion of his fleet and the burgeoning of trade on the Murray-Darling. Randell built a residence "Bleak House", a floating dock, wharf and warehouse at Mannum. At its peak around 1860, there would be 20,000 bales of wool unloaded at Mannum and driven by horse teams to Port Adelaide.[2] Randell served as a Justice of the Peace from 1861 in New South Wales, and from 1873 in South Australia.[1] With the death of his father in 1876, Randell returned to Gumeracha and had little more to do with the river trade.[2] His son (Richard) Murray Randell took over the fleet and the title "Captain Randell". Politics and last daysRandell represented Gumeracha in the South Australian House of Assembly from 1893 to 1899;[1] while the oldest member of the house he regularly made the trip between his constituency and Parliament House in Adelaide. Randell moved to North Adelaide in 1910 and died on 4 March 1911. He was survived by five sons and four daughters. Place in HistoryA. T. Saunders, more perhaps than any other historian, was scathing in his denunciation of Cadell, comparing his achievements unfavourably with those of Randell in scathing terms. Sir Richard Graves MacDonnell, previously Governor of South Australia, in a lecture entitled "Australia: What it is and what it may be", delivered at the Metropolitan Hall, Dublin, on 7 May 1863, was more temperate: "The most remarkable voyage, however, which has hitherto been made in Australia most certainly was one undertaken by Mr. William Randell. That gentleman has scarcely had justice done here, for he appears to me, from indubitable evidence, to have been the first navigator of the Murray in a steamer. Yet, as he started in the year 1853, just before a trip made by the then Lieut. Governor, accompanied by Captain Cadell — one of the most enterprising, useful, and, I may say, ubiquitous of Australian pioneers — the official éclat and general importance of the latter somewhat obscured the more modest pretensions of Captain Randell. Not merely, however, was he the first to start, despite slender means and a frail steamer — which I believe he had himself built — but he actually persevered till he got to Echuca, which is farther by several hundred miles than Swan Hill, the point reached by Captain Cadell. Again, in 1859, Mr. Randell made another ascent of the Murray, and from it went up the Darling. I was myself at the time engaged in a pioneering voyage up that river, with Captain Cadell, and we had succeeded in reaching a point at Menindie, 1,200 miles from the sea, when, as we were descending, Mr. Randell appeared with, apparently, a rather crazy and broken-winded steamer, which vastly amused the natives by its melancholy wheezing and puffing. Yet in that boat Mr. Randell not merely succeeded in getting higher than our highest point, but, owing to a fortunate flood, was enabled to reach Fort Bourke. He then passed on to one of the Darling's upper branches, called the Barwon and Namoi, and finally proceeded to a distance which, after comparing notes with him on his return, and examining the maps, I could not make out to be less, if we included the extremely tortuous windings of the rivers, than 1,800 miles from the junction of the Darling with the Murray, and therefore 2,400 miles from the sea mouth of the latter. I remembered at the time transmitting a report to that effect to the Secretary of State. Thus in a country where drought and suffering from want of water are so common, Mr. Randell made a voyage of nearly double the length, possibly, of any European river."[15] FamilyWilliam Randell married Elizabeth Ann "Annie" Nickels (1835 – 17 October 1924) on 24 December 1853.[16] Their children included:
See also
Contemporary flour millers of South Australia included:
References1. ^1 2 3 {{Australian Dictionary of Biography|first=John C. |last=Tolley|title=Randell, William Richard (1824–1911)|id2=randell-william-richard-4450|accessdate=24 January 2013}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 Bevan, G. A. & Vaughan, M. E. Mannum Yesterday Lutheran Publishing House, Adelaide {{ISBN|0-9595726-0-0}} 3. ^http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27442180 4. ^1 2 3 Randell, M. H. & Phillips, A. R. Randell Places Gould Books 1987 {{ISBN|978-0-9595445-5-8}} 5. ^http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48728504 6. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article146436968 |title=Obituary |newspaper=The Mount Barker Courier and Onkaparinga and Gumeracha Advertiser |location=SA |date=9 December 1921 |accessdate=18 July 2014 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} 7. ^http://www.psmarion.com/html/william_randell.html 8. ^{{Cite book|author=Gwenda Painter |title=The River Trade: Wool & Steamers|year=1979|work=Turton & Armstrong|location=Wahroonga, NSW|isbn=0-908031-09-2|page=18}} 9. ^Commencement of Steam Navigation of the Murray South Australian Register 22 February 1853 p.3 accessed 22 August 2011 10. ^First Steam Voyage from the Murray South Australian Register 7 March 1853 p.2 accessed 22 August 2011 also describes River Murray flag outside Winsby Bros., who were building another boat for Capt. Cadell 11. ^Some river-miles from the sea mouth: Darling junction 770; Murrumbidgee junction 816; Swan Hill 1000 12. ^Honour to whom Honour Is Due South Australian Register 14 May 1892 p.6 accessed 22 August 2011 13. ^{{Cite book|author=Gwenda Painter |title=The River Trade: Wool & Steamers|year=1979|work=Turton & Armstrong|location=Wahroonga, NSW|isbn=0-908031-09-2|page=25}} 14. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3716877 |title=NEWS AND NOTES,. |newspaper=The Moreton Bay Courier |location=Brisbane |date=4 May 1859 |accessdate=20 September 2011 |page=4 |via=National Library of Australia}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article147710429 |title=Men of the River |newspaper=The Mount Barker Courier and Onkaparinga and Gumeracha Advertiser |location=SA |date=5 October 1917 |accessdate=18 July 2014 |page=1 |via=National Library of Australia}} 16. ^http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48548645 17. ^Marriages South Australian Register 4 October 1880 Supplement p.2 accessed 11 September 2011 18. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article63765208 |title=Cycling and Aviation. |newspaper=The Mail |location=Adelaide|date=4 October 1919 |accessdate=12 October 2015 |page=15 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 19. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article130336525 |title=Became G.P.O. Chief |newspaper=The News |location=Adelaide |date=4 April 1950 |accessdate=19 July 2014 |page=21 |via=National Library of Australia}} 20. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47371824 |title=Death Of Pioneer River Man |newspaper=The Advertiser |location=Adelaide |date=7 March 1952 |accessdate=17 June 2013 |page=3 |via=National Library of Australia}} 21. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article109328571 |title=The Late Captain A. W. Randell |newspaper=Murray Pioneer and Australian River Record |location=Renmark, SA |date=12 October 1923 |accessdate=12 April 2014 |page=11 |via=National Library of Australia}} Sources
Further reading
External links
7 : Members of the South Australian House of Assembly|Australian flour millers and merchants|Australian riverboat captains|Australian boat builders|1824 births|1911 deaths|Settlers of South Australia |
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