| 词条 | Willow River State Park |
| 释义 |
| name = Willow River State Park | iucn_category = III | iucn_ref = [1] | photo = Willow Falls 03.jpg | photo_caption = Willow Falls | map = USA Wisconsin#USA | map_image = | map_size = | map_caption = | relief = 1 | location = St. Croix, Wisconsin, United States | nearest_city = | nearest_town = | coordinates = {{coord|45|1|10|N|92|41|15|W|display=inline,title}} | coords_ref = | length = | length_mi = | length_km = | width = | width_mi = | width_km = | area_acre = 2891 | area_ref = | elevation = | elevation_avg = | elevation_min = | elevation_max = | dimensions = | designation = | authorized = | created = | designated = | established = 1967 | named_for = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_ref = | governing_body = Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources | administrator = | operator = | owner = | website = | embedded = }}Willow River State Park is a {{convert|2891|acre|ha|sing=on}} Wisconsin state park located five miles (8 km) north of Hudson. The centerpiece of the park is Willow Falls, a powerful cascade in a {{convert|200|ft|m|sing=on}} deep gorge. Another popular feature is Little Falls Lake, a shallow reservoir on the Willow River. Because of its proximity to Minneapolis-St. Paul it is one of the most visited state parks in Wisconsin. Trilobite fossils found in the lower layers of the gorge indicate the rock is around 600 million years old.[2] HistorySantee Sioux and Ojibwe tribes lived in the region and clashed over rights to wild rice lakes. European explorers witnessed one of their battles in 1795 at the mouth of the Willow River. Settlers moved in, and by 1830 logging and wheat farming were common in the Willow River Valley. The river was invaluable for the former, as logs were floated downstream to the St. Croix. A German immigrant, Christian Burkhardt, realized the river could also be harnessed for the latter industry, and built a grist mill here in 1868. Burkhardt became a wealthy landowner and followed developments in water-powered industry. He traveled home to Germany to examine hydroelectric power plants and returned in 1891 to build his own on the Willow River. Burkhardt eventually built four power plants and dams on the river, which provided electricity to Hudson. Northern States Power purchased Burkhardt's power company in 1945 and operated its sites until 1963, when damage to one of the plants from a lightning strike prompted the company to liquidate their Willow River holdings. In 1967 Northern States Power sold the land to the Wisconsin Conservation Commission for a state park, and stabilized the dams at a financial loss. The state park opened in 1971. Some of the dams were removed in the 1990s to improve the scenery and trout fishery, and now only one remains.[3] The land is still being restored from damming and farming. RecreationThe park includes the following recreational activities:{{fact|date=October 2013}}
Willow River Nature CenterThe Willow River Nature Center is located near the main picnic area, and features natural history exhibits. Naturalists offer public programs throughout the year. References1. ^{{cite web|author=Protected Planet|title=Willow River State Park|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/willow-river-state-park|publisher=United Nations Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre|accessdate=26 Dec 2018}} 2. ^Bogue, Margaret Beattie. Exploring Wisconsin's Waterways. Madison, Wis.: Legislative Reference Bureau, 1990. 3. ^Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Willow River State Park Visitor . 2005. External links{{Commons category|Willow River State Park}}
6 : 1967 establishments in Wisconsin|IUCN Category V|Nature centers in Wisconsin|Protected areas established in 1967|Protected areas of St. Croix County, Wisconsin|State parks of Wisconsin |
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